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中国沙漠 ›› 1999, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (4): 348-358.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

半干旱地区泥石流沟道地形要素关联度评价——以神府-东胜矿区人为泥石流沟为例

张丽萍1, 唐克丽2, 张平仓2   

  1. 1. 南京大学海岸与海岛开发国家试点实验室, 江苏南京 210093;
    2. 中国科学院、水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨陵 712100
  • 收稿日期:1998-12-31 修回日期:1999-01-20 出版日期:1999-12-20 发布日期:1999-12-20
  • 作者简介:张丽萍(1960-),女(汉族),山西文水人,副教授,南京大学地理学博士后,主要从事地学、土壤侵蚀与环境灾害研究。
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院特别经费支持领域"山地灾害-泥石流、滑坡基础研究"项目(961202);南京大学海岸与海岛开发国家试点实验室项目(SCIEL.21199102)

Connected Degree Evaluation on Watershed Topography Factors of Man made Debris Flow Gully in Semiarid Area- Take Shenfu dongsheng Minesite as Example

ZHANG Li ping1, TANG Ke li2, ZHANG Ping chang2   

  1. 1. State Pilot Laboratory of Coast and Island Exploitation, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;
    2. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy Sciences and Ministry of Water Conservancy, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:1998-12-31 Revised:1999-01-20 Online:1999-12-20 Published:1999-12-20

摘要: 在神府-东胜矿区人为泥石流沟道广泛野外调查的基础上,选取了43条典型泥石流样沟,在1:10000地形图及卫片上进行了形态要素量测,应用流域地貌分析原理,对43条样沟各形态要素进行了剖析及关联度评价,并进行了泥石流沟道发育阶段的信息维分析,所得结论为:半干旱地区的人为泥石流沟道地势比沿程变化奇特,以形成区比降最大,区别于自然泥石流沟道;沟道分区面积比以汇水区面积最大,明显区别于湿润地区;流域形状以扇形为主,沟道给养面积较大,崎岖系数不甚太大是半干旱地区人为泥石流沟道的独特之处,泥石流沟道发育以幼、青年期为主,最后得出了以沟道比降为主因子的各形态要素的主次排序。

关键词: 半干旱地区, 人为泥石流沟道, 地形要素, 信息维数, 关联度

Abstract: Because Shenfu dongsheng minesite is located in arid and semiarid transition region, there are undulate and incoherent terrain, the ground surface material is loose and ready for weathering, the vegetation covered degree is low, the soil suffer various erosion, natural disasters take place frequently and its eco environment is fragile. Based on the fragile eco environment, coal mining and construction have brought out some new environmental problems since 1986. Man made debris flow problem is the most serious of them, which is caused by coal mining, construction of raiway and highway as well as exploiting stone. The man made debris flows threaten the existance and sustaining development of coal mine, the security of inhabitant, the smooth of communications and transportation Because of the particularity of forming process of man made debris flow, the watershed geomorphy of it is very distortional.According to extensive field investigation in the region and 1:10 000 topographic map measure, and systemtically analying every landform factors of the watershed, the results show as follows: ① the gully bed gradient takes convex shape as the dominant, this is a unique form of man made debris flow gully; ② regional area ratio is the largest in converge water region, and the fan shaped watershed makes up 80 percent of the total sample gullies, it is favourable to water concentration, a particular demand of motive power of debris flow in semiarid area. ③ the landform's rugged coefficient of watershed is smaller and the area of providing water for gully formation is larger in semiarid region than in moist region. According to information entropy principle and fractal dimensions values, debris flow gullies are divided into four evolution phases: infancy phase, youth phase, mature phase and old phase. Most of debris flow gullies in the region are at infancy and youth phase, which pointed out that debris flow potential danger would be very serious. One watershed is an integrated system in which every topographic factors influences each other. The affect on debris flow happening of various topographic factors are different. According to fuzzy information evaluation principle, the connected degree of various factors to debris flow happening were evaluated. The results of evaluating predominant indicators, watershed area (S1), gully length(S2), gully bed gradient(S3), information dimension (S4), shape coefficient of basin(S5), rugged coefficient (S6) and slope length (S7), show an order: S3 > S2 > S1 > S4 > S7 > S5 > S6.

Key words: semiarid region, man made debris flow gully, watershed geomorphologic factors, information dimensions, connected degree

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