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中国沙漠 ›› 1999, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (s1): 35-39.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

科尔沁沙质放牧草地植物多样性及生态位的分异规律研究

赵哈林1, 张铜会1, 常学礼1, 周瑞莲2   

  1. 1. 中国科学院兰州沙漠研究所, 兰州 730000;
    2. 兰州大学国家干旱生态农业重点试验室, 兰州 730000
  • 出版日期:1999-12-31 发布日期:1999-12-31
  • 通讯作者: 周瑞莲
  • 基金资助:
    本文得到96-920-13-02、49890330、980121、KE-952-91-218、KE-95 T-04-01-04项目的资助

The Study on Change Laws of Plant Diversity and Niche under Grazing in Horqin Sandy Pasture, Inner Mongolia

ZHAO Ha-lin1, ZHANG Tong-hui1, CHANG Xue-li1, ZHOU Rui-lian2   

  1. 1. Institute of Desert Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
    2. State Key Lab of Arid Agroecology of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Online:1999-12-31 Published:1999-12-31

摘要: 研究结果表明:①不同放牧强度下群落演替方向和速度有很大差异,其中过牧使植被种类组成趋于简单,植物多样性指数下降,草地中以一年生劣质牧草占绝对优势,轻牧和禁牧则相反;②由于群落的物种组成和植物种群数量的变化,使群落占据的物种生态位也明显分异,其中轻牧和禁牧的生态位宽度指数趋于增大,过牧趋于下降,中牧年际波动大。由于生态位分离明显,使生态位相似性降低,生态位重叠部分很小;③随着植被的分异,在属性空间上其位置发生飘移,变异越大,飘移的愈分散,其中轻牧和禁牧下植被在属性空间的位置呈曲线型分布,说明其演替呈有规律的渐变过程,而重牧下植被分异剧烈,各点在空间分布零散且距离远,说明其演替跃变性强。

关键词: 放牧草地, 植物多样性, 生态位

Abstract: Through field grazing tests, the results were got as follows: ① There were a markedly difference on successive direction and speed of vegetation under different grazing densities: plant species compositions of vegetation trend to be simple and the diversity index decreses under overgrazing (HG); vegetation change under moderate grazing (MG) and light grazing (LG) turned out contrary to HG. ② Community niches occupied in the species became evidently divided with different species consistence of communities, of which the niche breadths of communities trend to increase under LG and no grazing (CK), and trends to decrease under HG; the niche breadth under MG changes with climate that caused the lower niche similarly and niche overlap among communities. ③ Their positions in attribution space trend to disperse with vegetation change, the greater was change the more disperse were their positions.

Key words: Grazing grassland, Plant diversity, Niche

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