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中国沙漠 ›› 2008, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 724-732.

• 天气与气候 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国西北近50 a来气温变化特征的进一步研究

王劲松1, 费晓玲2, 魏 锋1   

  1. 1.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730020; 2.兰州区域气候中心, 甘肃 兰州 730020
  • 收稿日期:2007-10-29 修回日期:2007-12-14 出版日期:2008-07-20 发布日期:2008-07-20

Further Study of Temperature Change in Northwest China in Recent 50 Years

WANG Jin-song1, FEI Xiao-ling2, WEI Feng1   

  1. 1.Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Key Open Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction, Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730020, China; 2.Lanzhou Regional Climate Center, Lanzhou 730020, China
  • Received:2007-10-29 Revised:2007-12-14 Online:2008-07-20 Published:2008-07-20

摘要: 利用国家气象信息中心最新整编的西北地区135站1960—2005年逐月资料,通过对该地区温度变化特征的分析,在前人研究成果的基础上,进一步揭示出了近50 a来西北地区气温变化的一些新特征: ①西北地区的年和各季节均表现为一致的增温趋势,但陕西南部在夏季出现降温的趋势。冬季和秋季,从塔里木盆地西侧到河套地区,在35°—40°N的带状区域内是增温趋势最强的区域。西北区域整体年平均气温的变化幅度达0.37℃/10a,冬季增温可达0.56℃/10a。无论是年或四季平均的增温率,西北地区都比全国平均的要高。②西北地区冬季和年的平均气温在20世纪80年代中期以后开始表现为明显上升趋势;但春季、夏季和秋季均到了20世纪90年代中期以后,才开始出现气温明显上升的趋势。③西北地区年气温异常首先表现为全区一致的变化型,然后依次为南北相反变化型和陕南气温变化与其他地区不同的独特性。且整体一致型变化近50 a来呈加强态势,而陕南与西北其他地区气温非同步变化的趋势在逐渐缩小。④西北地区近50 a来年气温可分为南疆-高原区、北疆区、西北东部区3个主要空间异常气候区。且从长期倾向来看,南疆-高原区和北疆区有明显的上升变化倾向,西北东部区则表现为波动式的上升趋势。

关键词: 全球变暖, 西北地区, 气温, 变化特征

Abstract: Some new characteristics of the surface air temperature change in Northwest China in recent 50 years are shown based on the monthly data from 1960 to 2005 of 135 stations. The data is the most complete station data set in Northwest China, which are processed by the National Meteorological Information Center recently. The new features include: ①Annual and seasonal average temperature in the whole Northwest China show increasing trend except that the summer average temperature in south Shaanxi shows decreasing trend. The area with the highest warming rate in winter and autumn is located in zonal region, which stretches from west Tarim Basin to Hexi corridor from 35°N to 40°N. Annual mean surface air temperature in Northwest China as a whole has a warming rate of about 0.37℃/10a, and the warming rate in winter can reach 0.56℃/10a. Whether the annual or the seasonal warming rates of mean surface air temperature in Northwest China is higher than the average values of the whole China. ②The mean surface air temperature in winter and annual in Northwest China has been increasing most obviously since middle 1980’s in recent 50 years. However, the temperature in spring, summer and autumn did not show significant increasing trend until in middle 1990’s. ③The anomaly of annual average temperature has the characteristic of spatial consistency in the whole Northwest China, and then it has adverse variation trend in south and north part, and last there is particular character of mean temperature change in south Shaanxi compared with that in the other areas of Northwest China. The characteristic of spatial consistency is in more and more obvious status in recent 50 years and the asynchronous trend of temperature change between south Shaanxi and the other areas is decreasing.④There are three representative annual temperature anomaly areas: southern Xinjiang-Qingzang Plateau, northern Xinjiang, and east of Northwest China. Further analysis suggests that the secular trend of mean annual temperature show distinct increasing trend in the first two temperature anomaly areas, and fluctuant increasing in the last temperature anomaly area.

Key words: global warming, Northwest China, temperature, variation characteristics

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