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中国沙漠 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3): 36-46.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2022.00128

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陕西区域环境空气质量时空特征

张佳音1(), 郭云飞3, 肖舜2(), 杜涛1, 郑淏1, 刘焕武4, 王蕾1, 何延新4   

  1. 1.陕西省环境监测中心站 陕西省环境介质痕量污染物监测预警重点实验室,陕西 西安 710054
    2.陕西师范大学 地理科学与旅游学院,陕西 西安 710119
    3.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
    4.西安市环境监测站,陕西 西安 710018
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-28 修回日期:2022-10-03 出版日期:2023-05-20 发布日期:2023-05-31
  • 通讯作者: 肖舜
  • 作者简介:肖舜(E-mail: sxiao@snnu.edu.cn
    张佳音(1984—),女,陕西西安人,高级工程师,主要研究方向为环境监测与大气环境质量评价。E-mail: 173780083@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41771220);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2021JQ-963)

The temporal and spatial characteristics of ambient air quality in Shaanxi

Jiayin Zhang1(), Yunfei Guo3, Shun Xiao2(), Tao Du1, Hao Zheng1, Huanwu Liu4, Lei Wang1, Yanxin He4   

  1. 1.Shaanxi Key Lab for Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning of Trace Pollutants,Shaanxi Environmental Monitoring Center,Xi'an 710054,China
    2.School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710119,China
    3.Xi'an Thermal Power Research Institute CO. ,LTD,Xi'an 710054,China
    4.Xi'an Environmental Monitoring Station,Xi'an 710018,China
  • Received:2022-08-28 Revised:2022-10-03 Online:2023-05-20 Published:2023-05-31
  • Contact: Shun Xiao

摘要:

利用陕西省的环境空气质量自动监测站2017—2021年的监测数据,分析了陕西区域空气质量的逐月变化特征、季节变化特征、年变化特征以及不同污染物的空间分布情况,对不同区域发生重度污染时段的环境空气质量污染特征和成因进行了探讨。结果表明:(1)2017—2021年陕西省空气质量逐步改善,空气质量改善幅度关中>陕南>陕北,SO2浓度年均下降12.5%,CO浓度年均下降9.9%,PM2.5年均下降7.2%。(2)关中区域和陕北北部污染较重,陕北南部和陕南区域污染较轻,城市污染程度重于郊县。(3)陕西省空气质量具有明显的季节变化特征,重污染天多在采暖季和春季(1月、2月、3月、11月、12月)。不同区域发生重度污染时的首要污染物具有明显差异。陕北区域重度及以上污染天的首要污染物为PM10(100%),关中区域为PM2.5(82%)、PM10(17%)、O3(1%),陕南区域为PM2.5(81%)、PM10(19%)。(4)近年来陕西省臭氧(O3)污染形势较为严峻,应采取对策来有效遏制臭氧浓度上升的态势。

关键词: 环境空气质量, 臭氧, 颗粒物, 汾渭平原

Abstract:

This paper analyzed the monitoring data of Shaanxi Province's automatic ambient air quality monitoring stations during 2017-2021, discussed the characteristics of month-to-month, seasonal and annual changes in air quality, and the spatial distribution of different pollutants in the Shaanxi Province. This paper also analyzed the characteristics and causes of ambient air quality pollution during periods of heavy pollution in different regions. The results show that: (1) Air quality in Shaanxi Province gradually improved during 2017-2021, with air quality improvement in Guanzhong > Southern Shaanxi > Northern Shaanxi, with an average annual decrease of 12.5% for SO2, 9.9% for CO, and 7.2% for PM2.5. (2) Air quality in Shaanxi Province is characterized by heavier pollution in Guanzhong and north of northern Shaanxi, lighter pollution in southern Shaanxi and south of northern Shaanxi, and more pollution in cities than in suburban counties. (3) There are obvious seasonal change characteristics for air quality in Shaanxi Province, with heavy pollution weather mostly concentrated in the heating season and spring (January, February, March, November, December). There are obvious differences in the primary pollutants when heavy pollution occurs in different regions. The primary pollutants on heavily polluted days in northern Shaanxi is PM10 (100%), in Guanzhong is PM2.5 (82%), PM10 (17%) and O3 (1%), and in southern Shaanxi is PM2.5 (81%) and PM10 (19%). (4) The ozone (O3) pollution situation in Shaanxi Province in recent years is more serious, and countermeasures should be taken to effectively curb the rising trend of ozone concentration.

Key words: ambient air quality, ozone, particulate, Fenwei Plain

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