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中国沙漠 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 83-96.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2024.00091

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荒漠绿洲过渡带人工梭梭( Haloxylon ammodendron )林下典型一年生草本植物空间格局

王佳琪1(), 王国华1,2(), 缑倩倩1   

  1. 1.山西师范大学 地理科学学院,山西 太原 030000
    2.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 临泽内陆河流域研究站,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-15 修回日期:2024-09-27 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-03-26
  • 通讯作者: 王国华
  • 作者简介:王佳琪(1999—),女,山西晋中人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为干旱区水土保持。E-mail: m17200659299@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(42171033)

Spatial pattern of typical annual herbaceous species under planted Haloxylon ammodendron forest in a desert-oasis ecotone

Jiaqi Wang1(), Guohua Wang1,2(), Qianqian Gou1   

  1. 1.College of Geographical Sciences,Shanxi Normal University,Taiyuan 030000,China
    2.Linze Inland River Basin Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
  • Received:2024-07-15 Revised:2024-09-27 Online:2025-03-20 Published:2025-03-26
  • Contact: Guohua Wang

摘要:

一年生草本植物是荒漠绿洲过渡带人工林下的关键类群,分析其空间格局有助于揭示群落结构特征,深入认识其生态过程、种内种间关系及对环境的适应机制。以河西走廊荒漠绿洲过渡带5、10、20、30、40年梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)林下典型一年生草本植物沙蓬(Agriophyllum squarrosum)、雾冰藜(Bassia dasyphylla)、白茎盐生草(Halogeton arachnoideus)为研究对象,采用点格局分析方法对种群的空间格局进行分析。结果表明:(1)随着人工梭梭林龄的增加,林下一年生草本植物优势种发生变化,由5年时的沙蓬-雾冰藜群落逐渐发展为40年时的雾冰藜-白茎盐生草群落。(2)随着人工梭梭林龄的增加,沙蓬由最初的聚集分布向随机分布转变;雾冰藜先由最初的聚集分布转变为随机分布,然后又由随机分布转变为聚集分布;白茎盐生草由局部尺度的聚集分布转变为大范围尺度的聚集分布。沙蓬和雾冰藜随着林龄的增加无关联的尺度逐渐扩大,而雾冰藜和白茎盐生草随着人工梭梭林龄的增加正关联的尺度扩大;沙蓬与白茎盐生草在各个时间和尺度上不具有空间关联性。(3)随着人工梭梭林龄的增加,土壤水含量显著增加,土壤全磷含量先减小后增加,在林龄为40年时达到最大值;土壤pH值减小,土壤电导率、钠离子以及钙离子含量变化趋势一致,均在30年以后显著增加。(4)一年生草本植物的变化除与自身特性有关外,环境因子上主要受到2~5 cm土壤水含量、钙离子、钠离子的影响,还受到不同草本植物之间的空间关联性的制约。总体来看,荒漠绿洲过渡带人工梭梭林下一年生草本植物主要为集群分布,且不同种群之间相互独立或相互促进。

关键词: 荒漠绿洲过渡带, 空间分布格局, 空间关联性, 土壤理化性质, 一年生草本植物

Abstract:

As a key taxon under the plantations in a desert-oasis ecotone, analyzing the spatial pattern of annual herbaceous species can help to reveal the structural characteristics of the community, and gain a deeper understanding of their ecological processes, intra and inter specific relationships, and Mechanism of environmental adaptation. In this study, we took three typical annual herbaceous species of the Agriophyllum squarrosum, Bassia dasyphylla and Halogeton arachnoideus under different plantation ages (5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 a) in a desert-oasis ecotone of the Hexi Corridor as the research objects, and analyzed the spatial pattern of the populations by point pattern analysis. The results showed that: (1) With the increase of the plantation ages of Haloxylon ammodendron plantations, the dominant species of annual herbaceous species under the plantation changed, from the 5-year-old community of Agriophyllum squarrosum-Bassia dasyphylla to the community of Bassia dasyphylla-Halogeton arachnoideus at 40 years. (2) With the increase of the plantation ages, the initial aggregation distribution of Agriophyllum squarrosum changed to random distribution. The initial aggregation distribution of Bassia dasyphylla changed from the initial aggregation distribution to the random distribution, and then from the random distribution to the aggregation distribution. The aggregation distribution of Halogeton arachnoideus changed from local scale to large-scale aggregation distribution. The uncorrelated scale of Agriophyllum squarrosum and Bassia dasyphylla gradually expanded with the increase of plantation ages, while the scale of the positive correlation between Bassia dasyphylla and Halogeton arachnoideus expanded. There was no spatial correlation between Agriophyllum squarrosum and Halogeton arachnoideus at all time and scales. (3) With the increase of plantation ages, the soil water content increased significantly, and the soil total nitrogen content decreased first and then increased, reaching the maximum value at 40 year-old. When the soil pH decreased, the electrical conductivity, Na+ and Ca2+ content changed consistently, and all of them increased significantly after 30 year-old. (4) In addition to the characteristics of annual herbaceous species, the environmental factors were mainly affected by the soil water content (2~5 cm), Ca2+ and Na+, and were also restricted by the spatial correlation between different herbaceous plants. In general, the annual herbaceous species in a desert-oasis ecotone were mainly aggregated, and different populations were independent or mutually promoted.

Key words: a desert-oasis ecotone, spatial distribution pattern, spatial association, soil physicochemical properties, annual herbaceous species

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