沙木蓼（ Atraphaxis bracteata ）叶际真菌群落及生理特性对植物真菌病害的响应

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00104

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物叶际作为微生物的栖息地，其真菌群落动态与寄主植物的生理调控网络存在密切关联。以腾格里沙漠东南缘植被恢复区常见固沙植物沙木蓼（Atraphaxis bracteata）为研究对象，通过整合高通量测序技术与植物生理指标测定方法，系统解析健康与病害植株叶部附生及内生真菌群落的生态特征，并揭示其与寄主植物碳氮磷及防御系统的关联特征。结果表明：病株内生真菌中病原属Botryosphaeria丰度显著升高至56.00%（健康组5.41%），而共生菌Kodamaea占比锐减（38.48%→0.50%）；附生真菌群落呈现低Shannon多样性（2.12 vs 2.87）但高Chao1丰富度（286 vs 198 OTUs）特征，且β多样性差异显著（ANOSIM R=0.642）。寄主植物层面，病株叶片碳含量增加15.3%（P=0.007），而氮、磷分别下降12.8%和30.1%，同时伴随SOD活性抑制（-54.3%）与木质素（+45.2%）、水杨酸（+2.5%）的拮抗性防御响应。菌群-寄主植物互作分析进一步表明，Botryosphaeria丰度与SOD活性强负相关，与木质素积累正相关，提示病原菌可能通过干扰抗氧化系统并激活特定防御通路加剧寄主病理进程。荒漠植物叶际微生物群落在病害胁迫下具有多样性-功能-代谢耦合特征，这对生态脆弱区植被病害的微生物预警具有理论意义。

关键词: 真菌病害, 真菌群落, 抗性指标, 营养元素

Abstract:

The phyllosphere， as a habitat for microorganisms， exhibits a close association between fungal community dynamics and the physiological regulatory network of host plants. This study focused on Atraphaxis bracteata， a common sand-fixing plant in the vegetation restoration area of the southeastern Tengger Desert. By integrating high-throughput sequencing and plant physiological indicator measurements， we systematically analyzed the ecological characteristics of epiphytic and endophytic fungal communities in healthy and diseased plants， and revealed their correlations with host plant carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus metabolism and defense systems. In diseased plants， the pathogenic genus Botryosphaeria significantly increased in endophytic fungi （56.00% vs. 5.41% in healthy plants）， while the symbiotic yeast Kodamaea sharply declined （38.48%→0.50%）. Epiphytic fungal communities exhibited lower Shannon diversity （2.12 vs.2.87） but higher Chao1 richness （286 vs.198 OTUs）， with significant β-diversity differences （ANOSIM R=0.642）. At the host plant level， diseased leaves showed a 15.3% increase in carbon content （P=0.007）， but nitrogen and phosphorus decreased by 12.8% and 30.1%， respectively， alongside suppressed SOD activity （-54.3%） and antagonistic defense responses involving lignin （+45.2%） and salicylic acid （+2.5%）. Fungal-host interaction analysis further indicated that Botryosphaeria abundance strongly negatively correlated with SOD activity but positively correlated with lignin accumulation， suggesting that the pathogen may exacerbate host pathology by disrupting antioxidant systems and activating specific defense pathways. This study provides the first systematic elucidation of the "diversity-function-metabolism" coupling mechanism in desert plant phyllosphere microbiomes under pathogen stress， offering a theoretical framework for microbial-based early warning of vegetation diseases in ecologically fragile regions.

Key words: fungal disease, fungal community, resistance indicators, nutrient elements

中图分类号:

Q948

杨凤珍, 霍建强, 高永平, 李新荣. 沙木蓼（ Atraphaxis bracteata ）叶际真菌群落及生理特性对植物真菌病害的响应[J]. 中国沙漠, 2025, 45(3): 233-242.

Fengzhen Yang, Jianqiang Huo, Yongping Gao, Xinrong Li. Response of phyllosphere fungal communities and physiological traits of Atraphaxis bracteata to fungal pathogen infection[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025, 45(3): 233-242.

图/表 8

图1 沙木蓼叶斑病

Fig.1 Leaf spot disease of Atraphaxis bracteata

图2 沙木蓼受病害侵染叶际内外真菌群落α多样性指数

Fig.2 α-diversity indices of epiphytic and endophytic fungal communities in the phyllosphere of disease-infected Atraphaxis bracteata

表1 各分类水平微生物类群（平均值±标准差）

Table 1 Microbial taxa across taxonomic levels （mean ± SD）

处理	门	纲	目	科	属	种
染病植株-内生真菌	6.00±1.41	38.75±6.02	17.75+20.6	73.75±17.58	115.00±35.17	154.75±53.43
染病植株-附生真菌	7.75±0.96	48.75±3.50	22.00±1.83	102.00±8.16	176.50±11.24	251.00±15.38
健康植株-内生真菌	6.00±3.16	27.50±10.57	16.25±9.98	46.50±14.20	107.75±75.53	104.50+63.00
健康植株-附生真菌	5.75±1.50	37.50±8.10	18.75±2.22	72.25±18.30	111.75±33.19	150.25±52.20

图3 沙木蓼受病害侵染叶际内外真菌群落相似性分析（ANOSIM）注：箱型图表示组间差异性，其中每个点代表所有样本间的配对距离，按秩值排序

Fig.3 Analysis of similarities （ANOSIM） of epiphytic and endophytic fungal communities in the phyllosphere of disease-infected Atraphaxis bracteata

图4 沙木蓼受病害侵染叶际内外真菌群落属水平上相对丰度

Fig.4 Relative abundance at the genus level of epiphytic and endophytic fungal communities in the phyllosphere of disease-infected Atraphaxis bracteate

Fig.5 Linear discriminant analysis （LDA） effect size （LEfSe） at the genus level注：不同的颜色区域代表不同的真菌群落，沿分支的彩色节点表示在相应的颜色编码真菌群落中起重要作用的微生物群，而黄色节点表示在任何组中均不起重要作用的微生物群。物种名称列在右侧的图例中。该图是一个圆形分支图，其中最里面的圆圈代表较高的分类水平（门），外圈代表较低的分类水平（属或种）。每个小圆圈对应一个分类级别，圆圈的直径与该分类的相对丰度成正比图5　属水平的线性判别分析效应大小（LEfSe）

图6 沙木蓼健康植株及受病害侵染植株叶部组织碳C、氮N、磷P、超氧化物歧化酶SOD、木质素lignin、水杨酸SA，含量差异分析

Fig.6 Comparative analysis of carbon （C），nitrogen （N），phosphorus （P），superoxide dismutase （SOD），lignin and salicylic acid （SA） contents in leaf tissues of healthy and disease-infected Atraphaxis bracteata

图7 沙木蓼受病害侵染叶际内外真菌群落距离冗余分析注：C，碳；N，氮；P，磷；lignin，木质素；SA，水杨酸；SOD，超氧化物歧化酶；D-En，染病植株-内生真菌；D-Ep，染病植株-附生真菌；H-En，健康植株-内生真菌；H-Ep，健康植株-附生真菌

Fig.7 Distance-based redundancy analysis （dbRDA） of epiphytic and endophytic fungal communities in the phyllosphere of disease-infected Atraphaxis bracteata leaves

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