img

官方微信

高级检索

中国沙漠 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 26-36.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00028

• • 上一篇    下一篇

额济纳绿洲19802020年土地利用/覆被变化

马小红1(), 冯起2, 苏永红2, 常博1   

  1. 1.太原师范学院 汾河流域地表过程与资源生态安全山西省重点实验室/汾河流域科学发展研究中心,山西 晋中 030619
    2.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-22 修回日期:2025-03-14 出版日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2025-11-26
  • 作者简介:马小红(1990—),女,甘肃定西人,博士,副教授,主要从事干旱区生态水文与碳循环研究。E-mail: maxiaohong@tynu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42071138);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2019L0791)

Land use and land cover change of the Ejina Oasis from 1980 to 2020

Xiaohong Ma1(), Qi Feng2, Yonghong Su2, Bo Chang1   

  1. 1.Shanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Security in Fenhe River Basin / Research Center for Scientific Development in Fenhe River Basin,Taiyuan Normal University,Jinzhong 030619,Shanxi,China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
  • Received:2025-01-22 Revised:2025-03-14 Online:2025-11-20 Published:2025-11-26

摘要:

额济纳绿洲是中蒙边境极端荒漠中的一个孤岛式绿洲,其生态恢复/退化受土地利用方式的直接影响,而生态输水工程前后的土地利用变化过程仍不清楚。基于遥感影像数据,利用空间信息技术和数理统计方法,研究生态输水前(1980—2000年)、后(2000—2020年)土地利用/覆被变化格局、过程及其影响下的荒漠化进程。结果表明:(1)土地利用/覆被结构稳定,荒漠、草地、林地、水域、耕地及建设用地分别占总面积的79.77%、17.55%、1.48%、0.76%、0.18%和0.26%。(2)草地和荒漠转移频繁且转移面积大,土地荒漠化过程以水源变化为核心。2000年之前,草地、林地和水域转移为荒漠,且在1990—2000年荒漠化趋势加剧;2000年之后,草地、林地和水域面积增加,荒漠绿洲化。(3)生态输水工程实施后社会经济快速发展,主要特点是农田的扩张和旅游业的繁荣,表现为耕地和建设用地的快速增加。2000—2010年耕地面积扩张了55.36%,2010年之后保持稳定;2000—2010年和2010—2020年,建设用地面积分别扩大了142.11%和186.96%。

关键词: 生态输水工程, 土地利用/覆被, 黑河下游, 额济纳绿洲

Abstract:

The Ejin Oasis, situated in the lower reaches of the Heihe River along the China-Mongolia border, experiences ecological restoration/degradation that is directly influenced by land use. However, the impact of ecological water diversion projects on land use remains unclear. Based on remote sensing image data, spatial information technology and statistical methods were used to investigate the patterns and processes of land use/cover changes before (1980-2000) and after (2000-2020) the implementation of ecological water diversion projects, as well as their effects on desertification processes. The results indicated that the structure and composition of land use and cover in the Ejin Oasis were stable, with desert, grassland, woodland, water, cropland, and construction lands accounting for 79.77%, 17.55%, 1.48%, 0.76%, 0.18%, and 0.26% of the total area in 2020, respectively. Moreover, frequent and large-scale transfers occurred between grassland and desert, and the process of land desertification was centered on changes in water sources. Before 2000, grassland, woodland, and water were converted into desert, resulting in oasis desertification, which intensified from 1990 to 2000. After 2000, the process was exactly the opposite, with the greening of the desert oasis. Furthermore, the ecological water diversion projects also facilitated socio-economic development, characterized by a thriving agriculture and tourism industry. This was evident in the rapid increase of cropland and construction lands. The cropland was expanded by 55.36% from 2000 to 2010, remaining stable thereafter. Likewise, the construction land surged by 142.11% from 2000 to 2010 and 186.96% from 2010 to 2020. The findings provide scientific references for regional water resource allocation and ecological environmental protection.

Key words: ecological water diversion project, land use/coverage, lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin, Ejin Oasis

中图分类号: