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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 97-108.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00173

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极端降水事件下水热耦合传输机制及其对昼夜蒸发的影响

张睿香1(), 褚继花2, 李珏珂1, 李雅娴1, 王水献1()   

  1. 1.兰州大学 资源环境学院,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.甘肃省武威水文水资源勘测中心,甘肃 武威 733000
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-07 修回日期:2025-12-24 出版日期:2026-05-20 发布日期:2026-06-11
  • 通讯作者: 王水献
  • 作者简介:张睿香(1999—),女,甘肃会宁人,硕士研究生,主要从事干旱区土壤水文研究。E-mail: zhruixiang2024@lzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省水利科学试验研究及推广计划项目(25GSLK087);甘肃省水利科学试验研究及推广计划项目(25GSLK103)

The water-heat coupling transmission mechanism under extreme rainfall events and its influence on diurnal evaporation

Ruixiang Zhang1(), Jihua Chu2, Jueke Li1, Yaxian Li1, Shuixian Wang1()   

  1. 1.College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.Wuwei Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Center,Wuwei 733000,Gansu,China
  • Received:2025-11-07 Revised:2025-12-24 Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-06-11
  • Contact: Shuixian Wang

摘要:

降水是驱动土壤水热运移的重要因素,研究极端降水事件下土壤水热运移对干旱区生态系统的可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究选择武威九墩水文试验场作为研究样地,基于蒸渗仪长期观测数据和水文站点气象监测数据,采用Hydrus-1D水热耦合模型模拟分析,揭示干旱区极端降水对土壤水热运移的驱动机制及其对昼夜蒸发的影响。研究结果表明:浅层(0~20 cm)土壤对突发型极端降水的响应剧烈,持续型极端降水对深层(>40 cm)土壤的影响较大;蒸发过程受土壤水势零通量面迁移调控,白天近地表水汽辐合抑制液态水上升,夜间水汽发散促进水汽扩散;40 cm深度以下,当温度梯度<0.075 ℃·cm⁻¹且温度波动<2 ℃时,热缓冲效应显著削弱蒸发驱动力,形成水分滞后补给边界。研究结果可为干旱区极端气候条件下水资源管理提供科学依据。

关键词: 极端降水, 土壤水分, 水热耦合, 昼夜蒸发, 数值模拟

Abstract:

Rainfall is a crucial factor driving the transport of soil water and heat. Studying the transport of soil water and heat under extreme rainfall events is of great significance for the sustainable development of ecosystems in arid regions. In this study, the Jiudun Experimental Field in Wuwei was selected as the research site. Based on long-term observation data from the lysimeter and meteorological monitoring data from hydrological stations, the Hydrus-1D water-heat coupling model was used for simulation and analysis to reveal the driving mechanism of extreme rainfall on soil water and heat transport in arid regions and its impact on diurnal evaporation. The results show that the shallow soil (0-20 cm) responds intensely to sudden extreme rainfall, while the deep soil (>40 cm) is more affected by continuous extreme rainfall. The evaporation process is regulated by the migration of the zero-flux plane of soil water potential. During the day, the convergence near the surface inhibits the upward movement of liquid water, while at night, the divergence promotes the diffusion of water vapor. Below a depth of 40 cm, when the temperature gradient is less than 0.075 ℃·cm⁻¹ and the temperature fluctuation is less than 2 ℃, the thermal buffering effect significantly weakens the driving force of evaporation, forming a lagged water supply boundary. The research results can provide a scientific basis for water resource management in arid regions under extreme climate conditions.

Key words: extreme rainfall, soil moisture, water-heat coupling, diurnal evaporation, numerical simulation

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