黄河中游河口龙门区间水沙变化特征分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 黄河中游河口-龙门区间是我国乃至世界上水土流失最严重的地区,多年来大规模的水利水保工程建设使得该区产流产沙条件发生明显变化,因此,分析该区水沙变化特征及水沙变化原因具有重要意义。选取黄河中游河口-龙门区间下游龙门站1957—2005年水沙量水文观测资料代替区间资料,进行一致性检验后,运用小波分析、Mann-Kendall趋势检验、均差累积等统计方法对河口-龙门区间水沙变化特征进行分析,结果表明:该区水沙年内分配不均匀,年际变化大;该区水沙都呈显著的减少趋势,径流量和输沙量分别具有两个和4个明显的阶段性变化特征;水沙双累积曲线显示该区沙特性发生明显变化。在此基础上,通过分析该区水土保持面积与减水减沙量的相关关系表明,其具有良好的线性关系,进一步验证了水利水保措施是该区水沙减少的主要原因这一结论。

关键词: 径流量, 输沙量, 水土保持效应, 黄河中游河口-龙门区间

Abstract: Soil erosion in Hekou-Longmen section of the middle Yellow river is most serious in China. Recently, the environment of yielding runoff and sediments changed obviously because of implementation of the water conservancy and soil conservation projects on large-scale for many years. Therefore, the study on changing characteristics of runoff and sediments has important significance. The runoff and sediment data of Longmen Hydrological Station during 1957—2005, representing the status of Hehou-Longmen section, were used to analyze the changing characteristics of runoff and sediments by statistical method as Wavelet analysis, Mann-Kendall test, and Difference accumulated curve. The results showed that the variation of runoff and sediments was uneven in the inner-annual distribution and significantly varied in the inter-year distribution. The yearly changes of runoff and sediments all showed decreasing tendency, appeared two or four obviously change periods, respectively. Why? There is good linear relation between the decrease of runoff/sediments and the performance of soil and water conservation measures.

Key words: runoff, sediments load, effect of soil and water conservation, Hekou-Longmen section of the middle Yellow river

中图分类号:

P333

武荣;陈高峰;张建兴. 黄河中游河口龙门区间水沙变化特征分析[J]. 中国沙漠, 2010, 30(1): 210-216.

WU Rong;CHEN Gao-feng;ZHANG Jian-xing. Changes of Runoff and Sediments in Hekou-Longmen Section of the Middle Yellow River[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2010, 30(1): 210-216.

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