黄河上游沙漠宽谷河段水沙阈值与输沙特征

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2017.00077

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 围绕黄河上游沙漠宽谷河段“多大流量能冲动多大含沙量的泥沙”、“不同流量能冲走多少泥沙”两个关键问题，对沙漠宽谷河段的水沙阈值展开深入研究。通过分析各断面历年水量、沙量变化过程，揭示了沙漠宽谷河段各区间河段的冲淤规律，得到不同区间河段、不同含沙量情况下的水沙阈值系列。基于水量平衡原理与输沙量平衡原理，分析各断面冲沙输沙流量、含沙量与输沙量之间的关系，建立场次洪水的河道输沙量计算模型，量化水量与沙量的转化效果。通过实例计算，不考虑沙漠宽谷河段水沙调控时，头道拐站的输沙量为0.124×10⁸ t，沙漠宽谷河段的冲刷量为0.0527×10⁸ t，考虑水沙调控时，输沙量增加近4倍。水沙调控显著改善了沙漠宽谷河道的水沙关系，冲刷了河槽，验证了水沙阈值及输沙量计算的准确性和可靠性。

关键词: 水沙阈值, 输沙量计算模型, 含沙量, 流量, 冲淤规律

Abstract: Focus on "what concentration sediment can be flowed away by different flow", "how many sediment can be scoured by different flow" these two question, the threshold of water and sediment in desert wide valley reaches upper the Yellow River are further studied in this paper. By the annual water and sediment process of each section, the scouring and silting law of each section in desert wide valley reaches are revealed to obtain threshold of water and sediment in different intervals under different concentrations. Based on principle of water and sediment balance, the relationship among flow, sediment discharge and sediment concentration are analyzed to establish sediment discharge model of flood. Then the transformation effects of water and sediment are quantized clearly. A case study shows that the sediment of Toudaoguai is 12.4 million tons and the sediment erosion is 5.27 million tons without considering optimization of water and sediment,while the sediment of Toudaoguai increased by nearly 4 times with considering optimization of water and sediment. The water and sediment regulation effect significantly improved the relationship between water and sediment, the desert valley river channel scour; verify the accuracy and reliability calculation of water and sediment and sediment discharge threshold. The research has important significance on efforts and scheme optimization of water and sediment in desert wide valley reaches upper the Yellow River.

Key words: threshold of water and sediment, sediment discharge model, sediment concentration, flow, scouring and silting law

中图分类号:

P332.5

白涛, 麻蓉, 马旭, 哈燕萍, 黄强. 黄河上游沙漠宽谷河段水沙阈值与输沙特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2018, 38(3): 645-650.

Bai Tao, Ma Rong, Ma Xu, Ha Yanping, Huang Qiang. Threshold of Water and Sediment in Desert wide Valley Reaches upper the Yellow River[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2018, 38(3): 645-650.

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