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中国沙漠 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 24-33.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00010

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基于标准化流量指数(SDI)的石羊河流域水文干旱特征

李玲萍1,2(), 卢泰山3(), 刘明春2, 胡丽莉1, 王素萍1   

  1. 1.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所 干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730020
    2.武威市气象局, 甘肃 武威 733000
    3.武威市凉州区水务局 金塔河水利管理处, 甘肃 武威 733000
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-23 修回日期:2020-01-05 出版日期:2020-08-20 发布日期:2020-09-01
  • 通讯作者: 卢泰山
  • 作者简介:卢泰山(E-mail: lts397@126.com
    李玲萍(1977—),女,甘肃定西人,高级工程师,主要从事天气气候变化及灾害性天气预报研究。E-mail: wwqxjllp@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国干旱气象科学研究基金项目(IAM201812);武威市市列科技计划项目(WW190102)

Characteristics of hydrological drought based on standardized flow index in Shiyang River Basin of China

Lingping Li1,2(), Taishan Lu3(), Mingchun Liu2, Lili Hu1, Suping Wang1   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster, Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020, China
    2.Wuwei Meteorological Bureau, Wuwei 733000, Gansu, China
    3.Jinta River Water Resources Management Office, Water Bureau of Liangzhou District of Wuwei, Wuwei 733000, Gansu, China
  • Received:2019-10-23 Revised:2020-01-05 Online:2020-08-20 Published:2020-09-01
  • Contact: Taishan Lu

摘要:

利用石羊河流域8个水文站1961-2017年逐月实测流量数据和4个气象站点的气象观测资料,采用标准化流量指数(SDI)、游程理论来获得干旱事件的特征指标,分析了石羊河流域水文干旱演变特征,并采用与降水量、最高气温、最低气温、平均气温、蒸发量的相关性来分析石羊河流域SDI的影响因素。结果表明:1961—2017年石羊河流域干旱历时、干旱烈度和干旱强度的变化不是很一致,流域水文干旱历时20世纪70年代最长,80年代最短;干旱烈度全流域90年代最强,烈度最弱出现在80年代;干旱强度全流域60年代最强,80年代强度最弱;石羊河流域及流域中、西部年SDI变化总体上表现为在波动中呈增加趋势,西部增加幅度最大,中部增加幅度很小,流域东部年SDI在波动中呈减小趋势;石羊河全流域及流域东、中和西部年及四季干旱发生频次总体都是中旱和重旱频次最多,四季水文干旱发生频率最高的是春季,冬季干旱发生频率最低;从流域不同地段看,水文干旱发生的频率流域东部最高;构建的SDI 临界值识别出的主要水文干旱事件和实际干旱事件基本一致,干旱等级也较一致,说明使用SDI能够较好地监测到石羊河流域干旱年份及干旱等级;石羊河流域年SDI值与最高气温、平均气温和蒸发量呈负相关,与降水量和平均气温呈正相关。

关键词: 石羊河流域, 标准化流量指数, 临界值, 水文干旱

Abstract:

Based on the monthly flow data of eight hydrological stations and meteorological data of four meteorological stations in Shiyang River Basin from 1961 to 2017, this paper uses the standardized flow index and run theory to obtain the characteristic indexes of drought events, and analyze the evolution of hydrological drought duration, drought severity, drought intensity, drought time series and drought frequency in Shiyang River Basin. Furthermore, affecting factors of precipitation, temperature, and evaporation indices were also analyzed. The results show that: In the past 57 years, the changes of drought duration, drought severity and drought intensity are not consistent in Shiyang River Basin. The hydrological drought duration is the longest in 1970s and the shortest in 1980s in Shiyang River Basin, and the drought severity is the strongest in 1990s and the weakest in 1980s, and the drought intensity is the strongest in 1960s and the weakest in 1980s.The annual SDI shows an increasing trend in Shiyang River Basin and its middle and western regions, with the greatest increase in the western region and a small increase in the central region, while the annual SDI shows a decreasing trend in the eastern part of the basin. The frequency of the most are moderate and severe drought in Shiyang River, and the frequency of seasonal hydrological drought is the highest in spring and the frequency of winter drought is the lowest. The frequency of hydrological drought is the highest in the eastern of the basin. The majority of hydrological drought events and grades over the past 57 years in Shiyang River Basin can be identified well on the basis of SDI. The threshold of SDI is more sensitive to reflect great hydrological drought events and grades, and the result from SDI is more reasonable. There is a negative correlation between SDI and annual evaporation, maximum temperature, minimum temperature in Shiyang River Basin, while is a positive correlation between SDI and annual precipitation, mean temperature.

Key words: Shiyang River Basin, standardized flow index, threshold, hydrological drought

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