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中国沙漠 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 34-42.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00026

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巴丹吉林沙漠牧户生计策略转型及其对生态环境的影响

赵春彦(), 司建华(), 冯起, 罗欢, 秦洁   

  1. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2019-12-23 修回日期:2020-03-07 出版日期:2020-08-20 发布日期:2020-09-01
  • 通讯作者: 司建华
  • 作者简介:司建华(E-mail: jianhuas@lzb.ac.cn
    赵春彦(1988—),女,甘肃天水人,助理研究员,主要从事干旱区生态水文研究。E-mail: zhaochunyan627@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(zdzx2018057)

Transformation of livelihood strategy for herdsman in Badain Jaran Desert and its impact on ecological environment

Chunyan Zhao(), Jianhua Si(), Qi Feng, Huan Luo, Jie Qin   

  1. Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Received:2019-12-23 Revised:2020-03-07 Online:2020-08-20 Published:2020-09-01
  • Contact: Jianhua Si

摘要:

生计策略是居民为了追求和改善生计目标,基于生计资本进行的活动。生计策略与生态环境间的相互作用对人地系统演化起着至关重要的作用。研究了自然资源贫乏、交通极其不便、生态环境非常脆弱的巴丹吉林沙漠牧户生计策略转型及其对生态环境的影响。结果表明:巴丹吉林沙漠牧户生计资本值差异较大,其中社会资本最低(0.1344),金融资本最高(0.4528);巴丹吉林沙漠牧户的生计策略可划分为纯牧型、牧兼型、兼牧型和非牧型;巴丹吉林沙漠牧户的生计策略出现了明显转型,纯牧型和兼牧型户数明显下降,兼牧型和非牧型户数明显增加;不同时期影响生计策略转型的关键生计资本不同,但金融资本、人力资本、社会资本始终是影响巴丹吉林沙漠牧户生计策略转型的重要因素;巴丹吉林沙漠牧户生计策略转型对生态环境影响显著,植被覆盖度明显上升,但牧户生计策略转型后,牧家游迅速崛起,游客自驾车对沙漠植被破坏严重且沙漠垃圾明显增多。

关键词: 生计资本, 生计策略转型, 生态环境, 巴丹吉林沙漠

Abstract:

Livelihood strategy is an activity based on livelihood capital for people to pursue and improve their livelihood goals, and the interaction between livelihood strategy and ecological environment plays an important role in the evolution of human land system. This paper studies the transformation of herdsmen's livelihood strategy and its impact on the ecological environment in Badain Jaran Desert, which has poor natural resources, inconvenient transportation and fragile ecological environment. The results show that there is a significant difference in the livelihood capital value of herdsmen in Badain Jaran Desert, the lowest is social capital (0.1344) and the highest is financial capital (0.4528). The livelihood strategies of herdsmen in Badain Jaran Desert can be divided into pure grazing strategies, grazing-dominant strategies, non-grazing-dominant strategies, and non-grazing strategies. The livelihood strategies of herdsmen in Badain Jaran Desert have undergone a significant transformation, and the number of pure grazing strategies and grazing-dominant strategies have decreased significantly, the non-grazing-dominant strategies, and non-grazing strategies have increased significantly. The key livelihood capital influencing the transformation of livelihood strategy was different in different periods, but financial basis, human capital and social capital were always important factors influencing the transformation of livelihood strategy of herdsmen in Badain Jaran Desert. The transformation of livelihood strategy for herdsmen in Badain Jaran Desert had significant impact on ecological environment, and vegetation coverage increased significantly. But the transformation of livelihood strategy caused the nomadic tourism risen rapidly, and the self-driving travel has seriously damaged the desert vegetation and increased the amount of desert garbage.

Key words: livelihood capital, livelihood strategy transformation, ecological environment, Badain Jaran Desert

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