大连地区一次沙尘过程的激光雷达观测研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用激光雷达、PM10观测、地面及探空等综合观测资料，针对大连地区2006年4月7—8日的沙尘过程，基于Fernald积分法反演了沙尘过程气溶胶消光系数，分析了沙尘过程的时空分布特征及沙尘气溶胶的垂直结构，并对沙尘严重影响地面的原因进行了初步探讨。结果表明，激光雷达探测可以精确反映沙尘气溶胶的垂直结构和时空变化信息，并且能弥补人工气象观测的不足；此次沙尘影响高度较低，主体过境时沙尘层中心高度小于0.5 km。沙尘层内消光系数最大达到0.96 km-1；激光雷达反演得到的180 m高度处的气溶胶消光系数与地面PM10浓度吻合较好；沙尘影响地面时，地面PM10浓度增大，相对湿度明显降低。大气低层逆温和近地面风速等气象条件对沙尘影响地面的时间和程度有很大作用。

关键词: 沙尘, 激光雷达, 气溶胶, 消光系数, PM10

Abstract: A sand-dust process in Dalian on Apr 7 and 8, 2006 was monitored based on a Lidar system and conventional meteorological observation instruments, and then the temporal-spatial variation and impact of the sand-dust process was analyzed. The aerosol extinction coefficient was retrieved based on the Fernald integral method, and then the vertical structure of sand-dust aerosol was analyzed. The results indicated that the Lidar system remedied the defects of the conventional meteorological observation instruments, and it could collected the information on the vertical structure of sand-dust aerosol and the temporal-spatial variation of the sand-dust process. The height of the sand-dust center was lower than 0.5 km when the sand-dust event took place in Dalian on Apr 7 and 8, 2006 and the maximal aerosol extinction coefficient reached 0.96 km-1. There was a strong correlation between the aerosol extinction coefficient at 180 m retrieved from the Lidar data and the concentration of PM10 at land surface. The concentration of PM10 at land surface increased and the relative humidity fell significantly when the sand-dust process sustained. The meteorological conditions such as inversion of lower atmospheric and wind speed near the ground had a great impact on the duration and intensity of the sand-dust event.

Key words: sand-dust, Lidar, aerosol, extinction coefficient, PM10

中图分类号:

P458

黄艇;宋煜;胡文东;*;郭本军. 大连地区一次沙尘过程的激光雷达观测研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2010, 30(4): 983-988.

HUANG Ting;SONG Yu;HU Wen-dong;GUO Ben-jun. Lidar Detection of a Sand-dust Process in Dalian, Liaoning, China[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2010, 30(4): 983-988.

参考文献

[1]周秀骥,徐祥德,颜鹏,等.2000年春季沙尘暴动力学特征[J].中国科学(D辑),2002,32(4):327-334.
[2]赵建华,张强,袁铁,等.沙粒启动机制的理论分析[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(6):853-862.
[3]邱新法,曾燕,缪启龙.我国沙尘暴的时空分布规律及其源地和移动路径[J].地理学报,2001,56(3):316-322.
[4]李彰俊,孙照渤,姜学恭.蒙古气旋天气过程中的沙尘传输特征[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(5):927-930.
[5]沈建国,李嘉鹏,牛生杰,等.沙尘天气中气溶胶光学特性的时空分布特征[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(3):495-501.
[6]张加云,刘晓东.一次强沙尘暴活动对中国城市空气质量的影响[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(1):161-169.
[7]王式功,杨民,祁斌,等.甘肃河西沙尘暴对兰州市空气污染的影响[J].中国沙漠,1999,19(4):354-358.
[8]邱金桓,赵燕曾,汪宏七.激光探测沙尘暴过程中的气溶胶消光系数分布[J].大气科学,1984,8(2):205-210.
[9]邱金桓,孙金辉.沙尘暴的光学遥感及分析[J].大气科学,1994,18(1):1-10.
[10]董旭辉,杉本伸夫,白雪椿,等.激光雷达在沙尘观测中的应用——2004年春季北京和呼和浩特沙尘天气的解析[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(6):942-947.
[11]李铁锁,白雪椿,马涛.2005年春季亚洲尘的激光雷达观测[J].内蒙古环境保护,2006,18(1):33-38.
[12]董旭辉,祁辉,任立军,等.偏振激光雷达在沙尘暴观测中的数据解析[J].环境科学研究,2007,20(2):106-111.
[13]Fernald F G.Analysis of atmospheric lidar observation:some comments[J].Applied Optics,1984,23:652-655.
[14]邱金桓,郑斯平,黄其荣,等.北京地区对流层中上部云和气溶胶的激光雷达探测[J].大气科学,2003,27(1):1-7.
[15]Takamura T,Sasano Y.Ratio of aerosol backscatter to extinction coefficients as determined from angular scattering measurements for use in atmospheric lidar applications[J].Optical and Quantum Electronics,1987,19:293-302.
[16]王向川,饶瑞中.大气气溶胶和云雾粒子的激光雷达比[J].中国激光,2005,32(10):1321-1324.