塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地及周边地区PM10时空变化特征及影响因素分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用Thermo RP 1400a对塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中及周边的哈密与和田进行了长达6 a多的沙尘气溶胶PM10连续观测,结合气象资料,分析了该区域沙尘气溶胶PM10的基本特征及影响因素。其结果是:①在哈密、塔中与和田,浮尘、扬沙日数呈上升趋势,沙尘暴日数变化不明显,沙尘天气出现的频率和强度是影响沙漠地区沙尘气溶胶PM10浓度的主要因素。②PM10质量浓度具有明显的区域分布特征,塔克拉玛干沙漠东缘的哈密最低,其次为沙漠南缘的和田,最高的为沙漠腹地的塔中。③每年3—9月是哈密PM10质量浓度的高值时段;塔中与和田PM10质量浓度高值时段分布在3—8月,平均浓度分别在500~1 000 μg·m-3之间变化。④哈密、塔中与和田PM10季节平均浓度变化特征,春季>夏季>秋季>冬季;PM10平均浓度最高的塔中,春季在1 000 μg·m-3左右变化,夏季在400~900 μg·m-3之间,秋冬两季浓度较低基本上在200~400 μg·m-3之间变化。⑤哈密、塔中与和田沙尘暴季节PM10浓度远高于非沙尘暴季节,沙尘暴季节浓度基本上为非沙尘暴季节浓度的两倍以上;塔中2004年和2008年沙尘暴季节平均浓度分别是非沙尘暴季节的6.2倍和3.6倍。⑥沙尘天气过程中PM10质量浓度变化具有以下规律,晴天<浮尘天气<浮尘、扬沙天气<沙尘暴天气。⑦风速大小直接影响大气中PM10浓度,风速越大浓度越高。气温、相对湿度和气压是影响沙尘暴强度的重要因素,也间接影响大气中PM10浓度的变化。

关键词: 沙尘气溶胶, 沙尘天气, 质量浓度, 影响因素, 塔克拉玛干沙漠

Abstract: A 6-year observation on dust aerosol with Thermo RP 1400a was conducted in one of the most important dust sources in China, namely, Tazhong, Kumul and Hotan, in the Taklimakan Desert hinterland and its surrounding areas. The basic spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of PM10 mass concentration and the impact factors were analyzed. (1) In Kumul, Tazhong and Hotan, the numbers of dust-floating days and dust-blowing days tended to rise from 2004 through 2009, while the number of the sandstorm days had no apparent variation trend. The frequency and intensity of sand-dust weather were major factors that affected concentration of dust aerosols PM10 in these regions. (2) The PM10 mass concentration presented an evident regional difference, and the value in Kumul was the minimum, and the middle in Hotan, and the value in Tazhong was the maximum. (3) The high value of PM10 mass concentration in Kumul appeared from March to September, that in Hotan and Tazhong was from March to August, which varied in 500~1 000 μg·m-3. (4) The variation of seasonal average PM10 concentration in Kumul, Tazhong and Hotan presented an sequence of spring>summer>autumn>winter; the average PM10 concentration in Tazhong was the maximum, which varied around 1 000 μg·m-3 in spring, 400~900 μg·m-3 in summer and 200~400 μg·m-3 in autumn and winter. (5) The PM10 concentration in sandstorm seasons was generally twice of that in non-sandstorm seasons in Kumul, Tazhong and Hotan. Especially, the PM10 concentration in Tazhong in sandstorm seasons was 6.2 and 3.6 times of that in non-sandstorm season in 2004 and 2008, respectively. (6) When sandstorm weather occurred, the variation of PM10 mass concentration presented an sequence as following: sunshine<floating-dust<blowing-dust<sandstorm. (7) Wind speed impacted PM10 concentration directly, and the bigger wind speed would result in the higher PM10 concentration. In addition, air temperature, relative humidity and air pressure were also important factors causing changes of intensity of dust aerosol and PM10 concentration.

Key words: dust aerosol, dust weather, mass concentration, impact factor, Taklimakan Desert

中图分类号:

P427.2

刘新春;钟玉婷;何清;艾力·买买提明;杨兴华;. 塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地及周边地区PM10时空变化特征及影响因素分析[J]. 中国沙漠, 2011, 31(2): 323-330.

LIU Xin-chun;ZHONG Yu-ting;HE Qing;ALI Mamtimin;YANG Xing-hua;. Spatio-temporal Pattern of PM10 Concentration and Impact Factors in the Hinterland and Surrounding Area of Taklimakan Desert[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2011, 31(2): 323-330.

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