塔里木河下游胡杨气体交换特性及其环境解释

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 结合塔里木河下游不同地下水埋深下胡杨的气体交换参数及其环境因子的实测结果,探讨地下水位及环境因子对胡杨光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(gs)、水分利用效率(WUE)等气体交换参数的影响规律。研究表明:随着地下水位下降,胡杨净光合速率和蒸腾速率日变化最大值提前,地下水埋深越深,净光合速率“双峰”曲线趋势越明显,地下水位4.37 m以上时,蒸腾速率呈“双峰”曲线,当地下水位下降到5.91 m时,蒸腾速率呈“单峰”曲线；低地下水埋深下,光合作用受抑制的主要原因是气孔限制；随着地下水位下降,光合抑制的主要原因则是非气孔限制；适度水分胁迫有利于提高胡杨水分利用效率\.同时,结果显示: 4 m为胡杨的合理生态水位,地下水位为4~5 m时,胡杨受到轻度水分胁迫,低于6 m,胡杨受水分胁迫加剧。

关键词: 气体交换, 地下水埋深, 环境因子, 胡杨, 塔里木河

Abstract: Net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci), air CO₂ concentration (Ca), stomatal limitation (Ls), water use efficiency (WUE), photosynthetically active radiation(Par), leaf temperature(Tl), air temperature(Ta), and air relative humidity(RH) of Populus euphratica Oliv grown at different groundwater depths in the Tarim River were measured. With the increasing of groundwater depth the presenting time of the maximum Pn and Tr were advanced. The double-peak curve of Pn is more and more obvious with the increasing of groundwater depth. Tr was double-peak curve when the groundwater depths ≤4.37 m, but it was single-peak curve when the groundwater depth ≥5.91 m. With the increasing of groundwater depth, the predominant cause of restricting photosynthesis from stomatal limitation turned into non-stomatal limitation. Moderate water stress conduced to improve the water use efficiency of Populus euphratica Oliv. The study also showed: 4 m was the rational groundwater table of Populus euphratica Oliv, and when the groundwater depth was 4~5 m, it encountered mild water stress, and if the groundwater depths ≤6 m, the water stress became severe.

Key words: gas exchange, groundwater depths, microclimate factors, Populus euphratica Oliv, Tarim River

中图分类号:

Q945.19

周洪华;陈亚宁;*;李卫红;陈亚鹏;. 塔里木河下游胡杨气体交换特性及其环境解释[J]. 中国沙漠, 2008, 28(4): 665-672.

ZHOU Hong-hua;CHEN Ya-ning;LI Wei-hong;CHEN Ya-peng;. Characterization of Photosynthesis of Populus euphratica Oliv and Its Microclimate Explanation in Lower Tarim River[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2008, 28(4): 665-672.

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