极端干旱区多枝柽柳茎水势变化影响因子分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以新疆塔里木河下游极端干旱环境下天然植物多枝柽柳为研究对象，基于对气象因子、土壤水盐和多枝柽柳茎水势特性的实地监测资料，研究了影响多枝柽柳茎水势变化的主导环境因子，揭示了反映多枝柽柳生长发育期茎干水分变化的环境因子的指示性和指示阈值。结果表明:①在众多环境因子中，土壤水分对多枝柽柳茎水势变化影响最强烈，多枝柽柳对土壤水分的吸收不存在最低土壤含水率阈值，但36%的土壤含水率为影响多枝柽柳茎水势变化的临界上限，超过36%则对其没有明显影响。②土壤pH值的变化可反映极端干旱区多枝柽柳茎水势特性的变化；7.95±0.03的土壤pH值为反映多枝柽柳茎水势发生变化的临界阈值，当土壤pH值大于7.95±0.03时利于多枝柽柳有效分泌盐碱，维持正常生长。该研究为减轻多枝柽柳受旱程度、维持多枝柽柳正常生长及时补充水分提供理论依据。

关键词: 水势, 土壤水分, 土壤盐分, 土壤pH值, 临界阈值

Abstract: Based on a series of investigations on weather factors, soil moisture, soil salt content and stem water potential of Tamarix ramosissima, we identified the main environmental factors affecting the stem water potential of T. ramosissima and detected the critical thresholds of the environmental factors. Results show that the soil water content is the most important factor affecting the stem water potential of T. ramosissima among all the environmental factors. There is no minimum threshold of the soil water content for T. ramosissima absorbing water from soil, and the highest threshold of the soil water content is 36%. When the soil water content is higher than 36%, there is no significant change on the stem water potential of T. ramosissima. The change of the soil pH value can reflect the change of the stem water potential of T. ramosissima. The soil pH value of 7.95±0.03 is the critical threshold affecting the change of the stem water potential of T. ramosissima, above which it is advantageous for T. ramosissima to effectively secrete the saline and grow normally. The study can provide crucial empirical data for keeping the normal growth of T. ramosissima.

Key words: water potential, soil moisture, soil salt, soil pH value, critical threshold

中图分类号:

Q945.17

付爱红, 李卫红, 陈亚宁. 极端干旱区多枝柽柳茎水势变化影响因子分析[J]. 中国沙漠, 2012, 32(3): 730-736.

FU Ai-hong, LI Wei-hong, CHEN Ya-ning. Factors Affecting Stem Water Potential of Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. in the Extremely Arid Regions[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2012, 32(3): 730-736.

参考文献

[1]Blackburn W H,Knight R W,Schuster J L.Saltcedar influence on sedimentation in the Brazos River[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1982,37(5):298-301.

[2]Busch D E,Smith S D.Effects of fire on water and salinity relations of riparian woody taxa[J].Oecologia.1993,94(2):186-194.

[3]马全林,王继和,刘虎俊,等.民勤绿洲边缘柽柳荒漠林的时空变化及其驱动因素[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(5):802-808.

[4]曾凡江,张希明,李小明.柽柳的水分生理特性研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(5):611-614.

[5]韩桂红,吐尔逊·哈斯木,石丽.塔里木河下游土地沙漠化及其原因探讨[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(2):217-222.

[6]邓潮洲,张希明,李利,等.河道输水对塔里木河下游胡杨生长状况的影响[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(2):312-318.

[7]Wang R Z,Liu X Q,Xing Q,et al.Photosynthesis,transpiration and water use efficiency of Leymus dasystachys on the Hunshandake desert[J].Photosynthetica,2005,43(2):289-291.

[8]Martinez C,Roux C,Jauneau A,et al.Effect of water potential on the development of an haploid strain of Sporisorium reilianum f.sp.zeae[J].Plant and Soil,2003,251(1):65-71.

[9]司建华,常宗强,苏永红,等.胡杨叶片气孔导度特征及其对环境因子的响应[J].西北植物学报,2008,28(1):125-130.

[10]陈阳,王贺,张福锁,等.新疆荒漠盐碱生境柽柳盐分分泌特点及其影响因子[J].生态学报,2010,30(2):511-518.

[11]Xiao S C,Xiao H L.Radial growth of Tamarix ramosissima responds to changes in the water regime in an extremely arid region of northwestern China[J].Environmental Geology,2007,53(3):543-552.

[12]Yan H L,Liang S M,Zhang X M,et al.Photosynthesis responses of endemic shrubs of Taklimakan desert to adverse temperature,humidity and radiation[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2008,53(Supp.Ⅱ):84-92.

[13]付爱红,陈亚宁,陈亚鹏.塔里木河下游干旱胁迫下多枝柽柳茎水势的变化[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(4):532-538.

[14]司建华,冯起,张小由.极端干旱区胡杨水势及影响因子研究[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(4):505-510.

[15]曾凡江,郭海峰,刘波,等.多枝柽柳和疏叶骆驼刺幼苗生物量分配及根系分布特征[J].干旱区地理,2010,33(1):59-64.

[16]Jesse B N,James J B,Gerard J K,et al.Patterns of Tamarix water use during a record drought[J].Oecologia,2010,162(2):283-292.

[17]Sala A,Smith S D,Devitt D A.Water use by Tamarix ramosissima and associated phreatophytes in a Mojave desert floodplain[J].Ecological Applications,1996,6(3):888-898.

[18]Cleverly J R,Smith S D,Sala A,et al.Invasive capacity of Tamarix ramosissima in a Mojave Desert floodplain:The role of drought[J].Oecologia,1997,111(1):12-18.

[19]Nagler P L,Scott R L,Westenburg C,et al.Evapotranspiration on western U.S.rivers estimated using the enhanced vegetation index from MODIS and data from eddy covariance and Bowen ratio flux towers[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2005,97(3):337-351.

[20]Hao X M,Chen Y N,Li W H.Indicating appropriate groundwater tables for desert river-bank forest at the Tarim River,Xinjiang,China[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2009,152(1-4):167-177.

[21]Zhuang L,Chen Y N.Physiological response of Tamarix ramosissima under water stress along the lower reaches of Tarim River[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2006,51(9):1123-1129.

[22]Brock J H.Tamarix spp.salt cedar,an invasive exotic woody plant in arid and semi-arid riparian habitats of western USA[M]//de Waal L C,Child L E,Wade P M,Brock J H.Ecology and management of invasive riverside plants.New York: John Wiley & Sons,1994:27-44.

[23]宋耀选,周茂先,张小由,等.额济纳绿洲主要植物的水势与环境因子的关系[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(4):496-499.

[24]李向义,赵强,何兴元,等.策勒绿洲前沿两种植物的水分生理生态特征[J].干旱区研究,2004,21(2):171-174.

[25]李向义,张希明,何兴元,等.沙漠-绿洲过渡带四种多年生植物水分关系特征[J].生态学报,2004,24(6):1164-1171.

[26]Gay L W,Fritschen L J.An energy budget analysis of water use by saltcedar[J].Water Resources Research,1979,15(6):1589-l592.

[27]Fu A H,Chen Y N,Li W H.Analysis on water potential of Populus euphratica Oliv and its meaning in the lower reaches of Tarim River,Xinjiang[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2006,51(Supp.Ⅰ):221-228.

[28]Bosabalidis A M,Thomson W W.Ultrastructural development and secretion in the salt glands of Tamarix aphflla L[J].Journal of Ultrastructure Research,1985,92:55-62.

[29]Thomson W W,Kathryn P A.The ultrastructure of the plasmodesmata of the salt glands of Tamarixas revealed by Transmission and freeze-fracture electron microscopy[J].Protoplasma,1985,125:13-23.

[30]卢山,玛妮拉.旱生抗盐碱树种——多枝柽柳[J].林业实用技术,2003,1:43.

[31]Glenn E P,Tanner R,Mendez S,et al.Growth rate,salt tolerance and water use characteristics of native and invasive riparian plants from the delta of the Colorado River,Mexico[J].Journal of Arid Environments,1998,40(3):281-294.

[32]Glenn E P,Brown J J.Effects of soil salt levels on the growth and water use efficiency of Atriplex canescens (Chenopodiaceae) varieties in drying soil[J].American Journal of Botany,1998,85:10-16.