绿洲-荒漠交错带防护林与自然植被的协同防风效能及优化模式探讨

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以新疆准噶尔盆地南缘绿洲-荒漠交错带为研究区,研究了该区防护林与其外围自然植被的协同防风效能,进而构建了二者协同配置的优化模式。结果表明:①在有障碍物(防护林、自然植被)存在时,风表现出显著的规律性,即在0.5 m和1.5 m高度处,防护林与自然植被协同后对风速起到了减弱作用。对于疏透结构林带,风速的减弱程度为自然植被内部>自然植被与防护林之间>防护林外部;对于紧密结构林带,当风速较小时,风速的减弱程度为自然植被与防护林之间>自然植被内部>防护林外部。②防护林带的冠层体积(V)、单位长度林带段胸高断面积(S)、株行距(Q)与自然植被的平均高度(H)、覆盖度(C)协同后和两高度处的相对风速存在极显著相关关系,据此以编程运算得到最小相对风速下二者协同配置的优化模式,即在0.5 m高度处,当V=62.1476 m3、S=0.5756 m2/50m、Q=5.5645 m2、H=1.6889 m、C=0.2878时,二者的协同防风效能达到85.07%;在1.5 m高度处,当V=62.1476 m3、S=0.5237 m2/50m、Q=5.5645 m2、H=1.8154 m、C=0.3073时,二者的协同防风效能达到74.67%。对不同相对风速下二者协同配置的优化模式进行了预测。

关键词: 防护林, 自然植被, 防风效能, 优化模式

Abstract: An experiment on the collaborative windbreak effect of shelterbelt and natural vegetation was carried out at an oasis-desert ecotone in southern edge of Junggar Basin in Xinjiang, China. Consequently an optimization model of collaborative arrangement was established. Results are as follows:(1)The collaborative action of shelterbelt and natural vegetation can certainly reduce wind speed. For sparse-structure shelterbelt, the collaborative effect is obvious, and the wind speed reduction ratio follows an order of: that in the natural vegetation>between natural vegetation and shelterbelt>exterior of shelterbelts. For dense-structure shelterbelt, the collaborative effect is relative weak under low wind speed, and the wind speed reduction ratio follows an order of: that between natural vegetation and shelterbelt>in natural vegetation > exterior of shelterbelt. (2)The collaborative arrangement model of shelterbelt and natural vegetation shows that there is a significant correlation between the relative wind speed(at 0.5 m and 1.5 m heights)and the crown volume of shelterbelt(V), the breast height area of shelterbelt per unit length(S), the spacing of shelterbelt(Q), the average height of natural vegetation(H), the coverage of natural vegetation(C). Through Matlab 7.0 software programming, an optimal collaborative arrangement model is obtained for the smallest relative wind speed regime. When V=62.1476 m3, S=0.5756 m2/50m, Q=5.5645 m2, H=1.6889 m, and C=0.2878, the collaborative windbreak effect can reach 85.07% at 0.5 m height; When V=62.1476 m3, S=0.5237 m2/50m, Q=5.5645 m2, H=1.8154 m, and C=0.3073, the collaborative windbreak effect can reach 74.67% at 1.5 m height. The optimal collaborative arrangement models under different relative wind speed are predicted by this program.

Key words: shelterbelt, natural vegetation, windbreak effect, optimal collaborative arrangement model

中图分类号:

P425.62

徐满厚, 刘彤, 赵新俊, 张卫宾. 绿洲-荒漠交错带防护林与自然植被的协同防风效能及优化模式探讨[J]. 中国沙漠, 2012, 32(5): 1224-1232.

XU Man-hou, LIU Tong, ZHAO Xin-jun, ZHANG Wei-bin. Study on the Collaborative Windbreak Effect and Optimization Configuration Model of Shelterbelt and Natural Vegetation in an Oasis-desert Ecotone in Junggar Basin[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2012, 32(5): 1224-1232.

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