沙漠公路防护林凋落物量、组成及动态

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2016.00119

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 凋落物由植物产生并最终归还给土壤，为分解者提供物质和能量的来源。以塔克拉玛干沙漠公路沿线防护林为对象，2014年对各林龄防护林内的凋落物量、凋落物组成及动态变化进行研究。结果表明：沙漠公路8、10、13、16、19 a防护林年总凋落量分别为8 301.96、9 089.71、10 540.64、6 184.70、7 929.95 kg·hm^-2。各林龄防护林凋落物组成均以乔木状沙拐枣（Calligonum arborescens）同化枝、梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）同化枝和多枝柽柳（Tamarix ramosissima）枝凋落物占的比例最大，3种凋落物总量占年总凋落量的比例分别为89.05%、79.16%、75.28%、78.75%、81.14%。各凋落物组分在不同林龄间差异显著（P<0.05）。不同林龄防护林皆表现出春、秋季凋落量高，夏、冬季凋落量低的季节动态。各林龄防护林凋落物总量及主要凋落物的凋落量月动态变化曲线均呈现三峰型，在3—5月、7月和9—11月出现峰值，叶、果和其他的凋落量呈不规则变化，花只在4—8月凋落。

关键词: 凋落物量, 凋落物组分, 动态变化, 防护林, 林龄

Abstract: Aboveground litter biomass is an important component of the nutrient and carbon cycling in artificial forests. Litters are produced by the plants and return to the soil eventually, provide matter and energy sources for the decomposition. In order to quantify annual litterfall biomass of the extreme arid Taklimakan Desert Highway shelter forests, the litter biomass, composition and dynamics were investigated throughout one year in 2014. The artificial shelterbelt included three species of plants, Calligonum arborescens, Haloxylon ammodendron, and Tamarix ramosissima. The results showed that the annual litterfall biomass was up to 8 301.96, 9 089.71, 10 540.64, 6 184.70, 7 929.95 kg·hm^-2 at the stand ages of 8, 10, 13, 16, and 19 years. With assimilative branches of C. arborescens and H. ammodendron, and branches of T. ramosissima being dominant components of litterfall during the entire year in different age's shelterbelt, which contributed to 89.05%, 79.16%, 75.28%, 78.75%, 81.14% in the total litterfall biomass at the stand ages of 8, 10, 13, 16, and 19 years, respectively. The analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference in the amounts of the assimilative branches, branches, leaves, seeds, flowers and others among different shelterbelt ages (P<0.05) .There was similar seasonal dynamic in different ages, the higher litterfall biomass in spring and autumn, and the lower litterfall biomass in summer and winter. Monthly changes in litterfall pattern showed three peaks in the total biomass and biomass for the assimilative branches of C. arborescens and H. ammodendron, and the branches of T. ramosissima, reaching the peaks in March to May, July, and September to November. While no obvious litterfall pattern was found for leaves, seeds and others, and flowers only present from April to August.

Key words: litterfall biomass, litter component, dynamic, shelterbelt, stand age

中图分类号:

Q948.1

张雪梅, 王永东, 徐新文, 雷加强. 沙漠公路防护林凋落物量、组成及动态[J]. 中国沙漠, 2017, 37(6): 1142-1149.

Zhang Xuemei, Wang Yongdong, Xu Xinwen, Lei Jiaqiang. Biomass, Composition and Dynamics of Litterfall in Taklimakan Desert Highway Shelterbelt[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2017, 37(6): 1142-1149.

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