三工河流域两种农田景观的差异及其成因

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

从宏观与微观视角,对比分析三工河流域两种经营模式下的农田景观特征,探讨形成这两种景观的原因。得出以下结论:①三工河流域农田扩张过程中,1989—1999年地方的农田增长起主导作用,1999—2007年兵团的农田扩张比地方更为明显,地方与兵团农业发展中的灌溉技术差距是决定两地农田规模扩张差异的主要原因;②土地使用制度的不同导致地方农田表现出小斑块、高密度的特点,而兵团农田则具有大斑块、低密度的特点;③兵团作物种植受宏观调控影响显著,这与地方农户自主选择作物种植类型不同,由此两地农田内部景观格局也形成一定的差异;④撂荒地这一特殊农田景观在地方与兵团也存在差异,兵团撂荒地是地方的2.49倍,主要以连片形式分布于绿洲边缘与荒漠戈壁相邻的区域,地方的撂荒地分布较为零散。

关键词: 农田景观, 差异, 三工河流域

Abstract:

There are two administrative modes in agricultural production in the Sangong River basin of Xinjiang: decentralized and farm-like, which result in different cropland landscapes in the basin. Investigation results showed that: (1) In the process of cropland expansion in the Sangong River basin, the growth of decentralized croplands played a dominant role from 1989 to 1999, the growth of farm-like croplands was predominant from 1999 to 2007, and the difference in agriculture irrigation technology was the key reason. (2) The difference of land use system resulted in different characteristics of cropland patches. The cropland patches in the decentralized administrative mode were characterized as small scale and high density, whereas those in the farm-like administrative mode were large scale and low density. (3) The selection of crop variety in farm-like mode was macro-controlled by the government, and that in decentralized mode was free selection, which to some extent resulted in different cropland landscape patterns. (4) The abandoned cropland landscape was also different in the two administrative modes. The area of abandoned cropland in farm-like mode was 2.49 times of that in decentralized mode. Most of the former abandoned croplands are successively distributed in the fringe of oasis and are adjacent to desert or gobi, and the later showed a dispersed pattern in spatial distribution.

Key words: cropland landscape, differences, Sangong River basin

中图分类号:

F301.2

张新焕1, 汪菲1,2, 侯艳军3, 张文彪1,2. 三工河流域两种农田景观的差异及其成因[J]. 中国沙漠, 2012, 32(6): 1786-1793.

ZHANG Xin-huan1, WANG Fei1,2, HOU Yan-jun3, ZHANG Wen-biao1,2. Difference and Cause of Two Typical Cropland Landscapes in the Sangong River Basin, Xinjiang, China[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2012, 32(6): 1786-1793.

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