一次特强沙尘暴成因及近地面要素脉动特征

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00344

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文利用实况观测资料以及NCAR/NCEP再分析格点资料，分析了2010年4月24日河西走廊一次特强沙尘暴成因，重点探讨了沙尘暴过境民勤时近地面层气象要素脉动特征及其相互关系。结果表明：（1）造成本次特强沙尘暴过程的影响系统为乌拉尔山脊前低槽，由于槽后脊前强偏北气流将极地的干冷空气不断输送到低压槽中，低槽发展，槽前锋区加强，从而为形成本次特强沙尘暴提供了有利的环流场形势。（2）在沙尘暴过境前后，民勤近地面气象要素变化特征明显。（3）沙尘暴过境时，民勤3 h变压对风速有明显影响，变压梯度的显著差异引起大风，且随3 h变压调整风速也相应呈波动变化，瞬变周期约8 h；PM₁₀、能见度也随风速而产生波动变化，3 h变压、地面风速、PM₁₀之间相互作用，呈现明显的脉动特征。

关键词: 特强沙尘暴, 成因, 近地面要素, 脉动

Abstract: By using the actual observation data and NCAR/NCEP reanalyzed data, this paper analyzes the atmospheric formations of a heavy sand-storm occurred in Minqin, Hexi Corridor on April 24, 2010, and discusses the pulsation characteristics of the surface layer meteorological factors. The heavy sand-storm weather was touched off mainly by Ural low trough before ridge, high level jet stream, surface thermal pressure and cold front etc. Characteristics of the surface layer meteorological factors are much significant in Minqin during the sand-storm process. Three-hour variation of surface atmospheric pressure obviously influences surface wind speed that presents fluctuant variation with about eight-hour period, and then causes the concentration of PM₁₀ and visibility change fluctuantly. There are interactions among three-hour variation of surface atmospheric pressure, surface wind speed and PM₁₀ concentration, and all present significantly pulsation characteristics.

Key words: heavy sand-storm, causes, surface meteorological factors, pulsation

中图分类号:

P445.4

沈洁, 李耀辉, 胡田田, 尹晗. 一次特强沙尘暴成因及近地面要素脉动特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2014, 34(2): 507-517.

Shen Jie, Li Yaohui, Hu Tiantian, Yin Han. Causes and Surface Elements Characteristics of a Heavy Sand-storm in 2010 in Minqin of Gansu, China[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2014, 34(2): 507-517.

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