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中国沙漠 ›› 2003, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (6): 665-669.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

西藏日喀则流沙固定的几个问题

刘志民1, 高红瑛2, 蒋德明1   

  1. 1. 中国科学院 沈阳应用生态研究所, 辽宁 沈阳 110016;
    2. 大连理工大学 人文与社会学院, 辽宁 大连 116024
  • 收稿日期:2002-04-17 修回日期:2002-10-25 出版日期:2003-12-20 发布日期:2003-12-20
  • 作者简介:刘志民(1965-),男(汉族),内蒙敖汉人,博士,研究员,主要从事干旱区恢复生态学研究。E-mail:zmliu@iae.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所知识创新工程重大项目"科尔沁沙地退化生态系统恢复技术与示范";中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所知识创新工程面上创新课题"东北西部生态脆弱区生态环境评估和恢复对策研究"资助

Issues Concerning Shifting Sand Stabilization at Zigaze,Tibet

LIU Zhi-min1, GAO Hong-ying2, JIANG De-ming1   

  1. 1. Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China;
    2. School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, China
  • Received:2002-04-17 Revised:2002-10-25 Online:2003-12-20 Published:2003-12-20

摘要: 1995年首次在西藏日喀则进行固沙植物的引种试验,大多数中国内地固沙植物不适应该地的流动沙丘,沙面高温和生长季短是主要制约因素。沙木蓼和籽蒿表现最好;油蒿种子不能成熟,因此不能做后续植物;乡土植物砂生槐在播种当年出苗率低、生长缓慢,只能用做后期植物。在西藏日喀则,有效的植物固沙程序是:在保护措施(草方格沙障、砾石层)下,在流动沙丘上播种外来种沙木蓼、籽蒿和油蒿或移栽籽蒿,同时播种乡土植物砂生槐。在沙木蓼和籽蒿种群衰退、油蒿种群未衰退但不能靠天然下种自行更新时,砂生槐开始发挥固沙作用,并最终凭其适沙特性和长寿命接替先锋固沙植物有效地固定沙丘。选择乡土固沙植物应将重点放在蒿属和锦鸡儿属上。

关键词: 流沙固定, 固沙植物, 外来种, 乡土植物, 砂生槐

Abstract: Some issues concerning shifting sand stabilization at Zigaze of Tibet were discussed in this paper.The early experiments on the selection and planting techniques of sand binding plants suitable to Zigaze were conducted in 1995.Most of the plants introduced from inland China were proved to be unsuccessful ones at Zigaze,and mobility of sand and insufficiency of growing season were main factors responsible for the introduction failure.Atraphaxis bracteata and Artemisia sphaerocephala were the best sand binding plants among the introduced inland species.At Zigaze,seeds of Artemisia ordosica were not able to mature;accordingly Artemisia ordosica was not able to be the successor of the pioneering plants.Native species,Sophora moorcroftiana,had bad performance in germination in the sowing year,and its growth was also very slow,thus it is better to employ it as the successor of the pioneering sand binding plants.At Zigaze,the procedure to stabilize shifting sand effectively is as follows:under the protective measures(straw checkerboard barrier or gravel layer for covering shifting sand),exotic species such as Atraphaxis bracteata,Artemisia sphaerocephala and Artemisia ordosica,together with native species Sophora moorcroftiana,were sown or transplanted to stabilize the shifting sand.The expected results would be that after Atraphaxis bracteata and Artemisia sphaerocephala degenerated,Sophora moorcroftiana begin to exert the function of stabilizing the shifting sand,and furthermore,it can stabilize the shifting sand very long due to its adaptability to shifting sand and its long life span as the successor of the pioneering sand binding plants.The emphasis should be put on Artemisia and Caraganagenera when native sand binding plants are to be selected.

Key words: shifting sand stabilization, sand binding plants, exotic species, native species, Sophora moorcroftiana

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