油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)和柠条(Caragana korshinskii)生理生态特性的昼夜变化特征与调节机制

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2015.00031

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究了两种优良固沙植物油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)和柠条(Caragana korshinskii)的光合生理、水分生理和根、茎、叶渗透调节物质的昼夜变化特征。结果显示:空气相对湿度在夜间大幅度回升,植物的昼夜叶温差高于气温差。植物日间呈光合作用,夜间呈呼吸作用,油蒿的光合速率和呼吸速率均高于柠条;日间光合作用出现的光抑制可在日落时迅速恢复。日间气孔导度和蒸腾速率呈现大幅度的波动,在夜间趋于低缓,油蒿日间的调节幅度高于柠条,且在夜间仍维持一定的气孔开度。油蒿根含水量和小枝水势始终高于柠条,但柠条在夜间的根系吸水能力高于油蒿。油蒿根、茎、叶的可溶性糖含量均高于柠条,在夜间叶片的可溶性糖可大量的传输至根部;柠条根、茎、叶的脯氨酸含量均高于油蒿,油蒿的根和叶片在夜间出现较高的脯氨酸累积。植物生理活动的夜间调整对增强午间抗逆性有一定的作用。

关键词: 固沙植物, 光合作用, 水分平衡, 渗透调节, 昼夜变化

Abstract: This paper studied the circadian variation characteristics of photosynthetic physiology, water physiology, and osmoregulation substance in root, stem and leaf of two excellent sand-fixation plants Artemisia ordosica and Caragana korshinskii. The results indicated that, relative humidity recovered sharply during the night, and the leaf temperature difference was higher than air temperature difference between day and night. Plant showed photosynthesis during the day, and respiration during the night. Both photosynthesis and respiration of A. ordosica was higher than that of C. korshinskii, the photo inhibition caused by photosynthesis in daytime can recovered quickly at the sunset time. Stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were in greater fluctuation in daytime than that at night. In the daytime, the amplitude of accomodation of A. ordosica was higher than that of C. korshinskii, and it also can keep a certain stomatal aperture at night. Water content in root and twigs water potential of A. ordosica were always higher than that of C. korshinskii, but water absorption ability in root of A.ordosica was lower than C. korshinskii at night. The soluble sugar content in root, stem and leaf of A. ordosica was higher than that of C. korshinskii, and the soluble sugar content in leaf of A. ordosica would be largely transmitted to root at night. The proline content in root, stem and leaf of C. korshinskii was higher than that of Artemisia ordosica, and the proline content in root and leaf of A. ordosica would be accumulated a lot at night. All of the above showed that, the adjustment of plant physiological activities at night played a certain role in enhancing plant stress resistance at noon.

Key words: sand fixing plants, photosynthesis, water balance, osmotic adjustment, circadian variation

中图分类号:

Q945.79

陈栋, 周海燕, 李培广, 陈永乐, 王艳莉, 赵昕. 油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)和柠条(Caragana korshinskii)生理生态特性的昼夜变化特征与调节机制[J]. 中国沙漠, 2015, 35(6): 1549-1556.

Chen Dong, Zhou Haiyan, Li Peiguang, Chen Yongle, Wang Yanli, Zhao Xin. Circadian Variations and Regulation Mechanism of Eco-physiological Characteristics of Artemisia ordosica and Caragana korshinskii[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2015, 35(6): 1549-1556.

参考文献

[1] 刘杨.阿拉善荒漠植物干旱休眠机理研究[D].兰州:中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,2010.
[2] 周海燕,黄子琛.不同时期毛乌素沙区主要植物种光合作用和蒸腾作用的变化[J].植物生态学报,1996(2):120-131.
[3] 黄子琛.荒漠植物的水分关系与抗旱性[J].甘肃林业科技,1992(2):1-7.
[4] 张利平,王新平,刘立超,等.沙坡头主要建群植物油蒿和柠条的气体交换特征研究[J].生态学报,1998(2):23-27.
[5] 周海燕,王瑛珏,樊凡,等.不同配置模式下油蒿和柠条对降雨变化的生理生态响应及调节机制[J].应用生态学报,2013(1):32-40.
[6] 张友焱.毛乌素沙地几种树种水分生理特性研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2006.
[7] 张金林,陈托兄,王锁民.阿拉善荒漠区几种抗旱植物游离氨基酸和游离脯氨酸的分布特征[J].中国沙漠,2004(4):115-121.
[8] 李培广,周海燕,陈翠云,等.阿拉善荒漠优势植物可溶性糖的季节变化[J].生态学杂志,2012(12):3018-3023.
[9] 黄磊,张志山.荒漠人工植被区柠条和油蒿茎干液流动态研究[J].中国沙漠,2011(3):683-688.
[10] 周永斌,吴栋栋,于大炮,等.长白山不同海拔岳桦非结构碳水化合物含量的变化[J].植物生态学报,2009(1):118-124.
[11] 张殿忠,汪沛洪,赵会贤.测定小麦叶片游离脯氨酸含量的方法[J].植物生理学通讯,1990(4):62-65.
[12] 中国土壤学会.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[13] 周海燕.荒漠沙生植物生理生态学研究与展望[J].植物学通报,2001(6):643-648,690.
[14] 郭仁卿.植物叶温与气温的关系[J].生物学通报,1989(9):9.
[15] 刘明虎,辛智鸣,徐军,等.干旱区植物叶片大小对叶表面蒸腾及叶温的影响[J].植物生态学报,2013(5):436-442.
[16] 宋维民,周海燕,贾荣亮,等.土壤逐渐干旱对4种荒漠植物光合作用和海藻糖含量的影响[J].中国沙漠,2008(3):449-454.
[17] Kooten O,Snel J F H.The use of chlorophyll fluorescence nomenclature in plant stress physiology[J].Photosynthesis Research,1990,25(3):147-150.
[18] 徐伟红,郭卫华,徐飞,等.三种枣树叶绿素荧光参数的日变化[J].山东农业科学,2007(2):29-32.
[19] 于丽敏,王传宽,王兴昌.三种温带树种非结构性碳水化合物的分配[J].植物生态学报,2011(12):1245-1255.
[20] 徐为.水稻苗期干旱胁迫适应性反应及其与糖分配关系的研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2009.
[21] 张道远,尹林克,潘伯荣.柽柳属植物抗旱性能研究及其应用潜力评价[J].中国沙漠,2003(3):46-50.
[22] 魏凤桐,陶洪斌,王璞.旱稻297非结构性碳水化合物的生产与产量构成因子的关系[J].作物学报,2010(12):2135-2142.
[23] 周海燕.水分胁迫对冷蒿和差巴嘎蒿溶质累积的影响[J].中国草地,2001(1):33-37.
[24] 陈晓远,凌木生,高志红.水分胁迫对水稻叶片可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸含量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2006(12):26-30.
[25] 朱军涛,李向义,张希明,等.4种荒漠植物的抗氧化系统和渗透调节的季节变化[J].中国沙漠,2011(6):1467-1471.
[26] Knipp G,Honermeier B.Effect of water stress on proline accumulation of genetically modified potatoes(Solanum tuberosum L.) generating fructans[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2006,163(4):392-397.
[27] 陈晓远,凌木生,高志红.水分胁迫对水稻叶片可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸含量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2006(12):26-30.
[28] 朱虹,祖元刚,王文杰,等.逆境胁迫条件下脯氨酸对植物生长的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2009(4):86-89.
[29] 牛西午,张强,杨治平,等.柠条人工林对晋西北土壤理化性质变化的影响研究[J].西北植物学报,2003(4):628-632.
[30] 曲卫东,陈云明,王琳琳,等.黄土丘陵区柠条人工林土壤有机碳动态及其影响因子[J].中国水土保持科学,2011(4):72-77.
[31] 石莎,冯金朝,邹学勇.腾格里沙漠南缘2种沙地灌木植物的光合特征[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2007(5):519-524.
[32] Morgan J M.Osmoregulation and water stress in higher plants[J].Annual Review of Plant Physiology,1984,35(1):299-319.
[33] 陈托兄,张金林,陆妮,等.不同类型抗盐植物整株水平游离脯氨酸的分配[J].草业学报,2006(1):36-41.