日光温室香瓜茄(Solanum murcatum)叶片光合特性

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2017.00025

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以香瓜茄（Solanum murcatum）主栽品种"阿斯卡"为材料，在日光温室条件下进行了不同生育时期和施肥处理下叶片气体交换特性及其日变化、光合速率对光强和CO₂响应的研究。结果表明：反季节生产条件下香瓜茄叶片光合色素含量在生育期内先升高后降低，于开花坐果期至果实膨大期达到峰值，有机肥处理的叶绿素含量显著高于不施肥处理，叶绿素a/b值约2.6，具有弱光适应特征。香瓜茄生育期中叶片气孔导度（G_s）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和净光合速率（P_n）均在果实膨大期达到峰值，有机肥处理的叶片P_n和G_s均值显著高于不施肥处理，但处理间Tr差异不显著。香瓜茄叶片G_s与Tr极显著正相关（r=0.816）、与P_n显著正相关（r=0.555），但P_n与Tr相关性不显著（r=0.415）。自开花坐果期至第一穗果实成熟期，日光温室香瓜茄叶片气体交换参数日变化均呈单峰型，无光合午休现象，P_n、G_s（果实膨大期例外）和Tr均于正午前后达到峰值，施肥处理叶片的G_s和P_n显著高于不施肥处理，但Tr差异不显著。香瓜茄叶片光合速率的光响应特征可以用直角双曲线修正模型模拟、CO₂响应特性可用直角双曲线模型模拟，果实成熟期叶片初始量子效率显著高于、但羧化效率显著低于开花坐果期和果实膨大期，有机肥处理的平均初始量子效率显著低于、但羧化效率显著高于不施肥处理，有机肥处理的叶片补偿光强小于不施肥处理、但饱和光强差异不显著，叶片CO₂补偿点和CO₂饱和点显著低于不施肥处理，但两施肥处理间叶片光呼吸和暗呼吸速率、饱和光强或CO₂条件下的最大净光合速率无显著差异。香瓜茄叶片光合作用可利用光强较高，对弱光利用能力较差，但也有一定弱光适应性，施肥对香瓜茄弱光利用和碳同化能力具有一定调节作用。

关键词: 香瓜茄(Solanum murcatum), 施肥, 光合作用, 光响应, CO₂响应

Abstract: To determine photosynthetic dynamics of pepino leaves in growth stages and photosynthetic responses to light densities and CO₂ concentrations under different fertilizations, gas exchange parameters and their diurnal changes at different growth stages, photosynthetic responses to PAR and CO₂ were measured in a greenhouse experiment employing pepino cv. Ascar as the materials. The results showed that the chlorophyll contents of the pepino leaves increased initially and then decreased during plant growth, and reached the peak at fruit developmental stage. Chlorophyll contents with organic fertilizer application were significantly higher than those without fertilizer; the chla/chlb ratio was lower than species in the same family and at mid-winter implying low light adaptability to some degree. Leaf stomatal conductance (G_s) and evaporation (Tr) increased from seedling to fruit developmental stage and then decreased, with those from fertilized plants significantly higher than those without fertilization. Leaf G_s was very significantly positively correlated with Tr(r=0.816), and significantly correlated with net photosynthetic rate (P_n, r=0.555), while Tr and P_n was not significantly correlated (r=0.415). Gas exchange parameters of pepino leaves demonstrated a sigle peak type from flowring till fruit ripening, with the peaks at around noon, no midday depression of photosynthesis was found under greenhouse condition. Leaf G_s and Pn under fertilization was higher than those from no fertilization but no significant difference was found in EVAP between two treatemnts. Photosynthetic responese to photosynthtic avaible radiation could be fitted with the modified rectangular hyperbola model, and to the CO₂ concentration with the rectangular hyperbola model. The initial quantum efficiency at fruit ripening stage was significantly higher than but the carboxylation efficiency was significantly lower than those at flowering or fruit developmental stage. The initial quantum efficiency under fertilization was significantly lower than but the carboxylation efficiency was significantly higher than those without fertilization. Light compensation point, CO₂ compensation point and CO₂ saturation point of leaves from fertilized plants were significantly lower than those from no fertilized plants, but no difference in light saturation point, maximum net photosynthetic rate, respiration rates under dark or light were found between the two treatments. The results suggest that pepino leaves have better ability to utilize high light intensity but poor capacity for low light, though they showed some weak light adaptability, and fertilization may have potential to increased low light utilization and carbon assimilation of pepino under greenhouse production.

Key words: Solanum murcatum, fertilization, photosynthesis, light response, CO₂ response

中图分类号:

S641.1

冯云格, 王斌杰, 陈菁菁, 孙小妹, 陈年来. 日光温室香瓜茄(Solanum murcatum)叶片光合特性[J]. 中国沙漠, 2017, 37(5): 925-932.

Feng Yunge, Wang Binjie, Chen Jingjing, Sun Xiaomei, Chen Nianlai. Photosynthetic Properties of Pepino Grown in Greenhouse[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2017, 37(5): 925-932.

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