地下水位对胡杨(Populus euphratica)和灰胡杨(Populus pruinosa）叶绿素荧光光响应与光合色素含量的影响

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00149

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在塔里木河上游利用便携式调制叶绿素荧光仪研究了地下水位对胡杨(Populus pruinosa）和灰胡杨(Populus pruinosa）光合色素和叶绿素荧光光响应的影响。结果表明:不同地下水位环境下，2树种表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)、非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)、PSⅡ激发能压力(1-qP)、天线色素热耗散能量(D)、非光化学反应耗散能量(E)、光合功能相对限制值(PED)和光系统间激发能分配不平衡偏离系数(β/α-1)随光合有效辐射(PAR)增加而升高，PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)和光化学反应能量(P)则随PAR增加而降低；相同光强下，地下水位下降导致胡杨和灰胡杨叶片含水量、最大电子传递速率(ETRmax)、光化学反应启动速率(θ)、ETR、ΦPSⅡ、qP、P与叶绿素（Chla、Chlb、Chl(a+b)）和类胡萝卜素（Car）含量降低，而使Chla/b、NPQ、D、E、PED、1-qP、β/α-1明显升高；地下水位下降显著影响2树种叶绿素荧光光响应参数，引起光能吸收、传递与分配改变，致使光合效率降低；地下水位下降对灰胡杨光合生理过程的影响程度明显高于胡杨，表明胡杨对荒漠逆境的适应性强于灰胡杨。逆境下胡杨通过维持相对较高的ETR、ETRmax、θ、ΦPSⅡ、qP、P值，并通过增强非辐射性热耗散来调节自身能量代谢，以此来保护光合机构正常运转，这是胡杨长期适应干旱荒漠逆境而形成的一种自我调节机制。

关键词: 胡杨(Populus euphratica), 灰胡杨(Populus pruinosa）, 地下水位, 光合色素, 叶绿素荧光, 光响应曲线

Abstract:

Photosynthetic pigments and light response curves of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in leaves of Populus euphratica and Poulus pruinosa, living with different groundwater depths (2.5 m, 3.5 m and 5.0 m) in the upper reaches of Tarmi River, were measured with a portable fluorometer. The results showed that chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of light response curves of P.euphratica and P.pruinosa, such as photosynthetic electron transport rate(ETR), non-photochemical quenching(NPQ), excitation pressure (1-qP), the ratio of antenna thermal dissipation (D), excess excited energy(E),relative limitation of photosynthesis(PED),the deviation from full balance between PSⅠand PSⅡ(β/α-1) increased with increasing photosynthetic active radiation(PAR), but PSⅡactual photochemical efficiency(ΦPSⅡ), photochemistry quenching (qP) and the ratio of absorbed light in photochemistry(P) decreased with increasing PAR under different groundwater levels in arid desert environment. The decrease of groundwater levels led to decrease in leaf water content, maximum electron transport rate (ETRmax), initial slope rate of photochemical reaction(θ), ETR, ΦPSⅡ , qP, P and leaf content of chlorophyll a (Chla), leaf content of chlorophyll b (Chlb), total chlorophyll (Chla+Chlb), carotenoids, but it led to increase obviously in the ratio of Chla to Chlb (Chla/Chlb), NPQ, D, E, PED, 1-qP, β/α-1 under the same light intensity. The decrease of groundwater levels influenced significantly the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of light response curves of two tree species, and it led to changes in light energy absorption, transfer and allocation, further to decrease the photosynthetic efficiency. Greater decreases occurred with the deeper groundwater level and P. pruinosa declined more than P. euphratica, it showed P. euphratica were better ecological adaptation to desert environment than P. pruinosa. P. euphratica could maintain relative high ETR, ETRmax, θ, ΦPSⅡ, qP, P and enhanced radiationless energy dissipation to adjust itself energy metabolism, in order to protect the photosynthetic apparatus to operate normally, which was a self-adjustment mechanism of long adaptation to arid desert environment.

Key words: Populus euphratica, Poulus pruinosa, groundwater level, photosynthetic pigment, chlorophyll fluorescence, light response curves

中图分类号:

Q945.11

王海珍1,2,3，陈加利1，韩路1,2,徐雅丽1, 贾文锁3. 地下水位对胡杨(Populus euphratica)和灰胡杨(Populus pruinosa）叶绿素荧光光响应与光合色素含量的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2013, 33(4): 1054-1063.

WANG Hai-zhen1,2,3, CHEN Jia-li1, HAN Lu1,2, XU Ya-li1, JIA Wen-suo3. Effects of Groundwater Levels on Photosynthetic Pigments and Light Response of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Populus euphratica and Populus pruinosa[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2013, 33(4): 1054-1063.

参考文献

[1]黄湘,李卫红,马建新,等.通过改变光热条件分析胡杨群落光合作用对土壤呼吸速率的影响[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(5):1167-1173.

[2]朱成刚,李卫红,马晓东,等.塔里木河下游干旱胁迫下的胡杨叶绿素荧光特性研究[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(4):927-936.

[3]韩炜,海米提·依米提,李利,等.胡杨和灰杨的叶绿素荧光参数及茎水势对塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地生境的响应[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(6):1472-1478.

[4]赵广东,刘世荣,马全林.沙木蓼和沙枣对地下水位变化的生理生态响应Ⅰ.叶片养分、叶绿素、可溶性糖和淀粉的变化[J].植物生态学报,2003,27(2):228-234.

[5]Centritto M.Photosynthetic limitations and carbon partitioning in cherry in response to water deficit and elevated CO2[J].Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment,2005,106:233-242.

[6]Khanizadeh S,Deeii J,Hakam N.Use of chlorophyll fluorescence to evaluate chilling tolerance in strawberry plants[J].Acta Horticulture,2000,538:453-456.

[7]Chen Y N,Zilliacus H,Li W H,et al.Ground-water lever affects plant species diversity along the lower reaches of the Tarim River[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2006,66:231-246.

[8]曾凡江,张希明,李向义,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘柽柳和胡杨水势季节变化研究[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(8):1389-1393.

[9]Zhu G F,Li X,Su Y H,et al.Seasonal fluctuations and temperature dependence in photosynthetic parameters and stomatal conductance at the leaf scale of Populus euphratica Oliv.[J].Tree Physiology,2011,31(2):178-195.

[10]罗青红,李志军,伍维模,等.胡杨、灰叶胡杨光合及叶绿素荧光特性的比较研究[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(5):983-988.

[11]周朝彬,宋于洋,王炳举,等.干旱胁迫对胡杨光合和叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2009,24(4):5-9.

[12]王海珍,韩路,徐雅丽,等.胡杨异形叶叶绿素荧光特性对高温的响应[J].生态学报,2011,31(9):2444-2453.

[13]周洪华,陈亚宁,李卫红,等.塔里木河下游胡杨气体交换特性及其环境解释[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(4):665-672.

[14]舒展,张晓素,陈娟,等.叶绿素含量测定的简化[J].植物生理学通讯,2010,46(4):399-402.

[15]White,A J,Critchley C.Rapid light curves:a new fluorescence method to assess the state of the photosynthetic apparatus[J].Photosynthesis Research,1999,59:63-72.

[16]康琅,汪良驹.ALA对西瓜叶片叶绿素荧光光响应曲线的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2008,31(1):31-36.

[17]Oxborough K,Baker N R.Resolving chlorophyll a fluorescence images of photosynthetic efficiency into photochemical and non-photochemical components-calculation of qP and Fv′/Fm′ without measuring Fo′[J].Photosynthesis Research,1997,54:135-142.

[18]Kramer D M,Johnson G,Kiirats O,et al.New fluorescence parameters for the determination of QA redo state and excitation energy fluxes[J].Photosynthesis Research,2004,79,209-218.

[19]Demmig-Adams B,Adams W W Ⅲ,Barker D H.Using chlorophyll fluorescence to assess the fraction of absorbed light allocated to thermal dissipation of excess excitation[J].Physiologia Plantarum,1996,98(2):253-264.

[20]曹生奎,冯起,司建华,等.极端干旱区胡杨生长季水分利用效率变化特征研究[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(3):724-729.

[21]林植芳,彭长连,林桂珠.植物黄体素(Lutein)与环氧化黄体素-黄体素循环[J].植物生理学通讯,2006,42(3):385-394.

[22]贺立红,贺丽静,梁红.银杏不同品种叶绿素荧光参数的比较[J].华南农业大学学报,2006,27(4):43-46.

[23]Havaux M,Strasser R J,Greppin H.A theoretical and experimental analysis of the qP and qN coefficients of chlorophyll fluorescence quenching and their relation to photochemical and nonphotochemical events[J].Photosynthesis Research,1991,27(1):41-45.

[24]师生波,尚艳霞,朱鹏锦,等.青藏高原强UV-B辐射对美丽风毛菊光合作用和色素含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(1):53-60.

[25]张亚黎,罗宏海,张旺锋,等.土壤水分亏缺对陆地棉花铃期叶片光化学活性和激发能耗散的影响[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(3):681-689.

[26]周生荟,刘玉冰,谭会娟,等.荒漠植物红砂在持续干旱胁迫下的光保护机制研究[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(1):69-73.

[27]van Kooten O,Snel J F H.The use of chlorophyll fluorescence nomenclature in plant stress physiology[J].Photosynthesis Research,1990,25(3):147-150.

[28]吴雪霞,于力,朱为民.外源一氧化氮对NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(4):746-751.

[29]张春平,何平,袁凤刚,等.外源5-氨基乙酰丙酸对干旱胁迫下草珊瑚叶绿素荧光特性及能量分配的影响[J].中草药,2012,43(1):164-172.

[30]姜闯道,高辉远,邹琦,等.二硫苏糖醇处理导致大豆叶片两光系统间激发能分配失衡[J].植物生理与分子生物学学报,2003,29(6):561-568.

[31]韩炜,曹玲,海米提·依米提,等.塔干柽柳的叶绿素荧光对沙尘暴天气的响应[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(1):86-91.

[32]周艳虹,黄黎锋,喻景权.持续低温弱光对黄瓜叶片气体交换、叶绿素荧光猝灭和吸收光能分配的影响[J].植物生理与分子生物学报,2004,30(2):153-160.