几种甘草（Glycyrrhiza）光合特性、形态特征及生物量比较

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00338

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用TPS-2型光合测定仪对乌拉尔甘草（Glycyrrhiza uralensis）、胀果甘草（G.inflata）、刺果甘草（G.pallidiflora）、光果甘草（G.glabra）和黄甘草（G.eurycarpa）栽培植株上部叶片光合日变化特征进行研究，对光合色素、形态和生物量进行测定和分析，并比较上述指标的种间差异，为甘草栽培技术和综合利用模式提供科学依据。结果表明：（1）各种的叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用率和气孔导度日变化均呈“双峰”型，峰值分别出现于12：00和16：00，14：00存在明显的光合“午休”现象；叶片细胞间隙CO₂浓度日变化均呈“W”型，峰值分别出现于08：00、14：00和18：00，低谷出现于12：00和16：00；叶片温度日变化均呈“倒V”型，峰值出现于14：00，低值出现于08：00和18：00；且各种上述指标存在不同程度的差异性。（2）各种的叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量及叶绿素总量和叶绿素a含量/叶绿素b含量大小各不相同，其中叶绿素a含量存在种间显著差异。（3）各种的主茎分枝数、叶片数、主茎高、主根长、地上部分干重、地下部分干重及总生物量存在一定的差异性。（4）净光合速率日均值与气孔导度、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、叶面温度日均值和叶绿素a含量正相关，相关系数分别为0.984、0.977、0.927、0.909和0.933，与胞间CO₂浓度负相关，相关系数为-0.972。乌拉尔甘草具有较高的光合性能和经济产量，适于在该区大规模推广栽培；胀果甘草、光果甘草和刺果甘草总生物量较大，除地下部分药用外，应加强对其地上部分的开发利用；黄甘草光合性能、经济产量和总生物量均显著低于其他种，但地上部分鲜嫩，建议对其加强畜牧业方面的开发利用。

关键词: 甘草（Glycyrrhiza）, 栽培, 光合作用, 光合色素, 生物量

Abstract: Diurnal photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll content, carotenoid content of upper leaves, morphological index and biomass of cultivated Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. inflata, G. pallidiflora, G. glabra and G. eurycarpa were measured. The result indicated that: (1) Diurnal variations of net leaf photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, water use efficiency and stomatal conductance presented a bimodal curve patterns, the peaks occurred at 12:00 and 16:00, conspicuous midday depression phenomenon occurred at 14:00; intercellular CO₂ concentration presented a W pattern, the peaks occurred at 08:00, 14:00 and 18:00, and the valleys occurred at 12:00 and 16:00. Leaf temperature presented a reversed V pattern change, the peak occurred at 14:00 while the valleys occurred at 08:00 and 18:00. Different differences existed among the diurnal mean values of the above photosynthetic factors. (2) Difference existed among chlorophyll-a content, chlorophyll-b content, carotonoid content, chlorophyll-(a+b) content and ratio of chlorophyll-a/chlorophyll-b for the upper leaves of the species, among which, significant difference existed in chlorophyll-a of the species. (3) Differences existed in branch number, leaf number, main stem height, main root length, aboveground dry weight, underground dry weight and biomass of the species. (4) Diurnal mean value of net photosynthetic rate was positively correlated with stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, leaf temperature and chlorophyll-a content with coefficients of 0.984, 0.977, 0.927, 0.909, 0.933, respectively, but was negatively correlated with intercellular CO₂ concentration with a coefficient of -0.972. G. uralensis has higher photosynthetic performance and yield, and is more suitable for large-scale cultivation in this region. The total biomass of G. inflata, G. pallidiflora, G. glabra are large, in addition to the underground parts for medicinal, should strengthen the development and utilization of the above-ground part. Photosynthetic performance, yield and total biomass of G. eurycarpa are low, but it is fresh and tender, so suggest to strengthen the development and utilization of animal husbandry.

Key words: radix glycyrrhizae, cultivation, photosynthetic diurnal variations, photosynthetic pigment, biomass

中图分类号:

Q948.11

叶菊, 蔺海明, 邱黛玉, 张汉平, 王升元, 闫立本, 赵贵亮. 几种甘草（Glycyrrhiza）光合特性、形态特征及生物量比较[J]. 中国沙漠, 2014, 34(2): 456-463.

Ye Ju, Lin Haiming, Qiu Daiyu, Zhang Hanping, Wang Shengyuan, Yan Liben, Zhao Guiliang. Photosynthetic and Morphological Characteristics and Biomass of Five Glycyrrhiza Species[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2014, 34(2): 456-463.

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