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中国沙漠 ›› 2016, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (1): 239-246.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2015.00122

• 天气与气候 • 上一篇    

2015年2月21日内蒙古风雪沙尘天气特征

孟雪峰, 孙永刚, 仲夏, 荀学义   

  1. 内蒙古自治区气象台, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010051
  • 收稿日期:2015-04-10 修回日期:2015-07-10 出版日期:2016-01-20 发布日期:2016-01-20
  • 作者简介:孟雪峰(1965-),女,内蒙古人,正研级高工,硕士,研究方向为灾害性天气预报与分析。E-mail:xiaoxuehua_9@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41265004,41365003);中国气象局气象关键技术集成创新项目(CMAGJ2015M12);内蒙古暴雪专家型预报员创新团队项目

A Snow and Dust Weather Process in Inner Mongolia on February 21, 2015

Meng Xuefeng, Sun Yonggang, Zhong Xia, Xun Xueyi   

  1. Inner Mongolia Meteorological Observatory, Hohhot 010051, China
  • Received:2015-04-10 Revised:2015-07-10 Online:2016-01-20 Published:2016-01-20

摘要: 利用高空、地面常规观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,针对2015年2月21日内蒙古中部阴山北麓地区暴风雪转强沙尘暴天气,进行了对比分析。结果表明:该次天气过程受强冷空气影响,由高空蒙古冷涡迅速发展加强产生。地面冷锋形成降雪,锋区风力较大,形成了暴风雪,随后受副冷锋影响,风力明显增强,产生沙尘暴天气。暴风雪与沙尘暴差异表现在:(1)冷涡、冷锋是主要影响系统,但天气系统影响部位不同,暴风雪多发生在锋区及暖区中,沙尘暴多发生在锋区后部的强冷平流控制区中。(2)水汽条件差异明显,暴风雪相对湿度需要大于70%,沙尘暴相对湿度小于30%。(3)大气层结需求不同,暴风雪对不稳定层结要求不高,沙尘暴对不稳定层结和深厚的混合层有较高的要求。(4)暴风雪发生时气温骤降,沙尘暴发生时温度缓慢持续下降。

关键词: 沙尘暴, 暴风雪, PM10

Abstract: Based on the NCEP reanalyzed daily data, the observation data of the meteorological stations and sandstorm monitoring stations in Inner Mongolia, a snow and dust weather process on February 21, 2015was analyzed in the Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia. The results indicated that the process is affected by the strong cold air and the rapidly increased Mongolia cold vortex. There were snow in the cold front area and snowstorm in the large wind zone. The sandstorm weather occurred, as the wind speed strengthened in the secondary cold front area. There were some differences between the snowstorm and sandstorm in this process. (1) The same affecting systems were the cold vortex and cold front, the snowstorm appeared in the front and warm front area, but the sandstorm was controlled by the strong cold advection in the rear of the front. (2) The relative humidity was more than 70% in the snowstorm process and the relative humidity was less than 30% in the sandstorm process. (3) The unstable stratification was more important in the sandstorm process than in the snowstorm process. (4) The air temperature suddenly dropped in the snowstorm process, but there was a gentle, but steady, downward slide in the sandstorm process.

Key words: sandstorm, snowstorm, PM10

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