绿洲沙漠过渡带柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)灌丛沙堆-丘间地系统土壤盐分含量特征

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2014.00165

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘策勒绿洲西部过渡带为研究区,选取植被盖度为30%、15%~20%、10%、<5%的4个典型样地,对各样地的柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)灌丛沙堆-丘间地系统典型部位0~10 cm和10~20 cm土壤进行系统采样,测定土壤pH值及总盐、Cl^-、Na⁺、K⁺、SO₄^2-、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、CO₃^2-、HCO₃^-含量,从风沙地貌的角度探讨过渡带沙漠化进程中土壤盐分分异规律。结果表明:随着植被总盖度的降低,0~10 cm层土壤pH值及总盐、Cl^-、K⁺、Na⁺含量总体呈先升高后降低的趋势;土壤SO₄^2-和Ca²⁺含量呈先降低后升高的变化趋势;Mg²⁺含量随着植被盖度的变化没有明显的变化规律。灌丛下→沙堆边缘→丘间地→风影区,总盐、Cl^-、K⁺、Na⁺、SO₄^2-、Ga²⁺、Mg²⁺含量呈先减小后增大的变化规律,最大值均位于灌丛下,最小值位于丘间地;pH值和HCO₃^-含量大体呈先升高后降低的趋势,最小值位于灌丛下,最大值多位于丘间地,二者存在中度相关(r=0.644)。与0~10 cm土层相比,10~20 cm总盐、Cl^-、K⁺、Na⁺含量明显增加,SO₄^2-、HCO₃^-、Ga²⁺含量降低,Mg²⁺含量和pH值没有明显的变化。两土层各盐分含量随植被盖度的梯变呈相对一致的变化趋势。在不同的环境条件下,以蒸腾作用、泌盐作用和根系的选择性吸收作用等为主的生物积盐作用与地下水蒸发聚盐以及地表风蚀强度等非生物因素之间的平衡关系,应该是影响绿洲沙漠过渡带柽柳灌丛沙堆盐岛效应强弱的关键因素。

关键词: 绿洲沙漠过渡带, 柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)灌丛沙堆, 土壤盐分, 空间异质性

Abstract: In this study four kinds of typical plots, with vegetation cover of 30%, 15%-20%, 10% and <5% respectively, were selected to investigate the spatial variation of soil salinity on Tamarix ramosissima nebkhas and their interdune in Qira oasis-desert ecotone at the southern rim of the Taklimakan desert. Soil samples of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm layer on T. ramosissima nebkha and interdune in the four plots were collected for analyzing soil pH, and total salinity, Cl^-, Na⁺, K⁺, SO₄^2-, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, CO₃^2- and HCO₃^- content from the perspective of Aeolian landform. Results showed that: (1) With the decrease of vegetation cover from plot 1 to plot 4 soil pH, and total salinity, Cl^-, K⁺ and Na⁺ content increased firstly and then decreased in 0-10 cm layer. The maximum values mainly distribute in the plot that the vegetation cover is 30%, the minimum values mainly distribute in the plot that the vegetation cover is 15%-20%, while the maximum values of HCO₃^- content mainly distribute in the plot that the vegetation cover is 15%-20%, and there is no obvious change of Mg²⁺ content. (2) Total salinity, Cl^-, Na⁺, K⁺, SO₄^2-, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ content decreased firstly and then increased from the Under shrub to the Margin of nebkha to the Interdune to the Leeward shadow. However, soil pH and HCO₃^- content increased firstly and then decreased and there was a moderate correlation between soil pH and HCO₃^- content (r=0.644).The maximum values mainly distribute in the ground of Under shrub, while the minimum values mainly distribute in the Interdune. (3) Compared with 0-10 cm soil layer, there was a significant raise of Total salinity, Cl^-, Na⁺ and K⁺ content in 10-20 cm soil layer. However, there was a reduction of SO₄^2-, Ca²⁺ and HCO₃^- content and no obvious change of soil pH. With the decrease of vegetation coverage, the various change of soil salinity content in the two soil layers had a consistent trend. (4) The transpiration, recretion and selective absorption of root of T. ramosissima and soil evaporation make obvious soil salinity enrichment effects around the area of Nebkha. However, with the decrease of the total vegetation cover and the increase of desertification intensity, the non-biological factor of wind erosion begin to play a leading role, and soil salinity enrichment effects of shrubs tend to diminish and disappear gradually.

Key words: oasis-desert ecotone, Tamarix ramosissima Nebkha, soil salinity, spatial heterogeneity

中图分类号:

S153.6

刘进辉, 王雪芹, 马洋, 谭凤翥. 绿洲沙漠过渡带柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)灌丛沙堆-丘间地系统土壤盐分含量特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2016, 36(1): 181-189.

Liu Jinhui, Wang Xueqin, Ma Yang, Tan Fengzhu. Spatial Variation of Soil Salinity on Tamarix ramosissima Nebkhas and Interdune in Oasis-desert Ecotone[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2016, 36(1): 181-189.

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