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中国沙漠 ›› 2017, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 361-371.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2016.00183

• 水文与水资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄河沙漠宽谷段水沙变化特征及驱动因素

姚文艺1, 张晓华1, 高亚军2, 焦鹏1   

  1. 1. 黄河水利科学研究院 水利部水土流失过程与控制重点实验室, 河南 郑州 450003;
    2. 黄河水利委员会 水文局, 河南 郑州 450004
  • 收稿日期:2016-03-25 修回日期:2016-10-03 出版日期:2017-03-20 发布日期:2017-03-20
  • 作者简介:姚文艺(1957-),男,河南周口人,高级工程师,博士,主要从事土壤侵蚀与水土保持、河流泥沙研究。E-mail:wyyao@yrihr.com.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2011CB403303);河南省创新型科技人才队伍建设工程项目(162101510004)

Features of Runoff and Sediment Variations in Wide-valleyed Desert Reach of Upper Yellow River and Contribution Rate of Driving Factors for the Variations

Yao Wenyi1, Zhang Xiaohua1, Gao Yajun2, Jiao Peng1   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Loss Process and Control on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Water Resources, Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Zhengzhou 450003, China;
    2. Hydrology Bureau of YRCC, Zhengzhou 450004, China
  • Received:2016-03-25 Revised:2016-10-03 Online:2017-03-20 Published:2017-03-20

摘要: 根据定位观测、第一次全国水利普查、遥感影像解译的数据,利用MWP、双累计曲线、水土保持分析法、数学模拟等方法,分析了黄河上游水沙变化特征,评估了多元驱动因素对2000-2012年黄河下河沿-头道拐沙漠宽谷段水沙变化的贡献率。结果表明:与20世纪70年代以前的基准期相比,2000年以来径流量、输沙量同步减少,水沙关系也发生变化,单位径流量的输沙量明显减少;沙漠宽谷段径流量减幅沿程不断增加而输沙量减幅沿程变化不大,水沙年内分配较基准期发生倒置,来沙系数不断减小;灌区引水引沙、水土保持措施、水库拦沙、支流来水来沙、水库调蓄及河道冲淤是沙漠宽谷段水沙变化的主要影响因子;经济社会发展用水对沙漠宽谷段径流量减少的作用最大,贡献率为81%,其次是水库蓄泄量,占15%以上;水库拦沙对头道拐输沙量减少的贡献率最大,占41%,其次是支流水土保持措施,贡献率约占13%,入黄风沙减少的贡献率并不大,约为6%,而河道淤积量、灌区引沙量较基准期都是减少的,贡献率分别约为-41%和-8%;近10多年来降雨等自然因素对水沙变化的作用相对不大,起主要作用的是水库运用、水土保持、经济社会发展等人类活动因素。

关键词: 水沙变化, 多元驱动因素, 沙漠宽谷河道, 黄河

Abstract: In recent years, the runoff and sediment in wide-valleyed desert reach of Upper Yellow River has changed significantly, which would bring a great influence on practices of Yellow River harnessing such as river regulation and layout of large-scale hydraulic project. Based on data of runoff and sediment locating observation, the first-ever nationwide water resources survey and remote-sensing imagery interpretation, the features of runoff and sediment variations in the Upper Yellow River were analyzed by MWP, double mass-curve, hydrological method, soil conservation method and mathematical simulation. The contribution rate of driving factors for runoff and sediment variations in wide-valleyed desert reach from Xiaheyan to Toudaoguai during 2000-2012 was estimated. The results showed that: Compared with the standard period of less human activity before the 1970s, since 2000 the runoff and sediment discharge has been less than standard period, and sediment discharge per unit volume of runoff has decreased obviously due to the variation of water-sediment relationship. The reduction of runoff along the flow increased continuously while the reduction of sediment discharge along the flow showed little change in wide-valleyed desert reach, annual distribution of runoff and sediment were in contrast with that of standard period, and the incoming sediment coefficient decreased constantly. The main influence factors for runoff and sediment variations in wide-valleyed desert reach are the water and sediment diversion of irrigation district, soil and water conservation measures, sediment detention by reservoirs, incoming water and sediment from tributaries, reservoir regulation and channel scouring and deposition. The water demand of economic and social development contributed the most to reduction of runoff in the wide-valleyed desert reach, whose contribution rate was 81%, and the storage and discharge volume of reservoir was secondary, whose contribution rate was more than 15%. The sediment detention by reservoirs contributed the most to reduction of sediment discharge in Toudaoguai, whose contribution rate was 41%, the storage and discharge volume of reservoir was secondary, whose contribution rate was more than 13%, and the wind-blown sand into Yellow River contributed little, whose contribution rate was 6%, while the discharges of channel deposition and sediment diversion of irrigation district were less than those of the standard period, whose negative contribution rate were 41% and 8%, respectively. In recent 10 years, natural factors such as rainfall have contributed little to the runoff and sediment variations, while the factors of human activity such as reservoir operation, soil and water conservation and economic and social development have played a major role.

Key words: runoff and sediment, driving factors, wide-valleyed riverbed, Yellow River

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