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中国沙漠 ›› 2014, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 1167-1176.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00415

• 生态与经济 • 上一篇    下一篇

1990—2010年黄河宁蒙段所处流域土地利用变化

田霞飞, 薛娴, 廖杰, 杜鹤强, 段翰晨, 徐满厚   

  1. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2013-08-06 修回日期:2014-09-10 出版日期:2014-07-20 发布日期:2014-07-20
  • 作者简介:田霞飞(1989-),女,山西长治人,硕士研究生,主要从事沙漠与沙漠化研究。Email:xiaofeixia37@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2011CB403306)资助

Land Use Change in the Watershed of the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia Reaches of the Yellow River During 1990-2010

Tian Xiafei, Xue Xian, Liao Jie, Du Heqiang, Duan Hanchen, Xu Manhou   

  1. Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Received:2013-08-06 Revised:2014-09-10 Online:2014-07-20 Published:2014-07-20

摘要: 以Landsat TM和ETM+遥感影像为基础数据源,应用地理信息系统技术,对黄河宁蒙段所处流域1990-2010年土地利用变化进行了监测,并结合气候变化、人类活动和政策因素探讨了土地利用变化的驱动力,初步分析了土地利用/覆被变化对流域水-沙关系的影响。结果表明:(1)20年来研究区建设用地面积增加了1 310.04 km2,耕地面积增加了611.15 km2,水域和草地面积分别减少了1 499.51 km2和474.93 km2;(2)20年来黄河宁蒙段所处流域土地利用变化速度经历了缓慢变化-显著变化-急剧变化的过程。各土地利用类型在后10 年(2000-2010年)的变化速度均比前10年(1990-2000年)大;(3)研究时段内草地和未利用地转化为林地,草地和耕地被开发为建设用地,未利用地和草地被开垦为耕地;(4)人类活动和政策因素是影响20年来土地利用变化的主要驱动因子,但人口数量的增加、经济的发展及环境政策的调整对研究区土地利用变化的影响更为显著;(5)1990-2010年流域耕地和林地面积分别增加了611.15 km2和543.19 km2,植被覆盖度由1990年的34.7%增加到2010年的40.8%。林地和耕地面积的增加均使得流域总蒸发量增加,灌溉用水增加,从而径流量减少,植被覆盖度的增加使得流域径流量和输沙量均降低。

关键词: 黄河, 宁蒙河段, 土地利用变化, 驱动力

Abstract: Using Landsat TM and ETM+ satellite images as the basic data source, adopting geographic information system, we monitored land use change in the watershed of the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reaches of the Yellow River during 1990-2010, then discussed the driving force of land use change by combining with climatic factors, human activities and policy factors, finally, analyzed the effect of vegetation coverage change on runoff and sediment load. Results showed that: (1) During 1990-2010, the area of constructive land and farmland increased by 1 310.04 km2 and 611.15 km2, respectively, however, the area of wetland and grassland decreased by 1 499.51 km2 and 474.93 km2, respectively. (2) The land use change in this basin experienced a process of slow change-obvious change-tremendous change in 1990-2000, 2000-2005 and 2005-2010. The speed of land use change was greater in 2000-2010 than that in 1990-2000. (3) The major patterns of land use change were the conversions of grassland and unused land to forest, farmland and grassland to constructive land, as well as unused land and grassland to farmland. (4) The variation of land use change was mainly affected by human activities and policy factors. Population increasing, economy development and environmental protection policy had significant effects on land use change. (5) During 1990-2010, the area of forest land and farmland increased by 543.19 km2 and 611.15 km2 respectively, which increased evaporation and irrigation water, thus reduced runoff. Vegetation coverage was increased from 34.7% in 1990 to 40.8% in 2010, which made the annual runoff and sediment load decreased significantly.

Key words: Yellow River, watershed of the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reaches, land use change, driving force

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