基于InVEST模型的黑河流域上游水源涵养量

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2017.00085

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 黑河流域上游生态系统具有重要的水源涵养功能，对维系流域生态平衡有着重要的意义。基于InVEST模型估算了黑河流域上游水源涵养量，分析了水源涵养量的时空变化特征及其与气候因子的相关性。结果表明：2001—2015年黑河流域上游草地、林地、灌丛面积分别增加了1 665.00、381.75、162.75 km²，而荒漠和农田分别减少了2 165.25、20.50 km²；2001—2015年黑河流域上游水源涵养量年均值为228.64 mm，在空间上呈现东南高、西北低的分布特征，高值区位于祁连山一带，肃南裕固族自治县北部条带状为上游水源涵养量的低值区；从变化趋势来看，研究区水源涵养量以7.60 mm·a^-1的速率减少；近15年来，研究区潜在蒸散、降水量分别呈现增加和减少趋势，速率分别为1.45、-0.67 mm·a^-1，水源涵养与潜在蒸散以负相关为主，而与降水量正相关，降水量主要影响上游的中东部、北部的祁连山高寒地区，而潜在蒸散主要制约西北部的水源涵养量。

关键词: 水源涵养, 土地利用变化, 气候变化, InVEST模型, 黑河

Abstract: The upper reaches of the Heihe river basin is the vital ecological function region of water conservation, which is of great significance to maintain the ecological balance of the whole basin.A water yield model based on InVEST was employed to estimates water conservation in the upper reaches of Heihe River basin. this paper analyzes the spatial and temporal characteristics of water conservation and the correlation between water conservation and climate factors.The main conclusions are as follows:(1) The area of grass, scrub and woodland increased by 1 665 km², 381.75 km²and 162.75 km², respectively in the upper reaches of Heihe river basin from 2001 to 2015. By contrast, deserts and farmland were reduced by 2 165.25 km² and 20.5 km², respectively; The year mean value of water conservation was 228.64 mm and the spatial distribution of water conservation was high southeast, low northwest in the upper reaches of the Heihe River basin in 2001-2015. The higher value area is located in the Qilian Mountains area, northern Sunan Yugur Autonomous County banded high value area upstream water conservation, in 2008 and later, water conservation is lower than the basic anomaly. Overall, water conservation showed a decreasing trend at the annual rate of 7.60 mm; In the past 15 years,the variation of potential evapotranspiration and precipitation has been the main climatic factor affecting the change of water conservation in the study area. The potential evapotranspiration and precipitation showed a trend of increase and decrease respectively in the upper reaches of Heihe River basin. The rates were 1.45 mm·a^-1 and -0.67 mm·a^-1 respectively.The water conservation was negatively correlated with potential evapotranspiration and precipitation is positively correlated.Precipitation mainly affects the Middle East, north of Qilian Mountains alpine region while potential evapotranspiration mainly restricts the water resources in the northwest.

Key words: water conservation, land cover changes, climate change, InVEST model, Heihe River

中图分类号:

TV211.1

张福平, 李肖娟, 冯起, 王虎威, 魏永芬, 白皓. 基于InVEST模型的黑河流域上游水源涵养量[J]. 中国沙漠, 2018, 38(6): 1321-1329.

Zhang Fuping, Li Xiaojuan, Feng Qi, Wang Huwei, Wei Yongfen, Bai Hao. Spatial and Temporal Variation of Water Conservation in the Upper Reaches of Heihe River Basin Based on InVEST Model[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2018, 38(6): 1321-1329.

参考文献

[1] Costanza R,Stern D,Fisher B,et al.Influential publications in ecological economics:a citation analysis[J].Ecological Economics,2004,50:261-292.
[2] United Nations Environmental Program.Millennium Ecosystem Assessment:Ecosystems and Human Well-Being[R].Washington,USA:Island Press,2005.
[3] 刘金巍,靳甜甜,刘国华,等.黑河中上游地区2000-2010年土地利用变化及水土保持服务功能[J].生态学报,2014,34(23):7013-7025.
[4] 徐翠,张林波,杜加强,等.三江源区高寒草甸退化对土壤水源涵养功能的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(8):2388-2399.
[5] 吴佩君,刘小平,黎夏,等.基于InVEST模型和元胞自动机的城市扩张对陆地生态系统碳储量影响评估——以广东省为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2016,32(5):22-28.
[6] 肖强,肖洋,欧阳志云,等.重庆市森林生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].生态学报,2014,34(1):216-223.
[7] Zhang C Q,Li W H,Zhang B,et al.Water yield of Xitiaoxi River basin based on InVEST modeling[J].Journal of Resources and Ecology,2012(3):50-54.
[8] Polasky S,Nelson E,Pennington D,et al.The impact of land-use change on ecosystem services,biodiversity and returns to landowners:a case study in the state of Minnesota[J].Environmental & Resource Economics,2011,48,219-242.
[9] Mansoor D K,Leha M D,Matlocka E C,et al.Quantifying and mapping multiple ecosystem services change in West Africa[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2013,165(1751):6-18.
[10] Marquèsa M,Bangasha R F,Kumara V. The impact of climate change on water provision under alow flowregime:a case study of the ecosystems services in the Francoli river Basin[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2013,263:224-232.
[11] Su C H,Fu B J.Evolution of ecosystem services in the Chinese Loess Plateau under climatic and land use changes[J].Global and Planetary Change,2013,101(1):119-128.
[12] 李盈盈,刘康,胡胜,等.陕西省子午岭生态功能区水源涵养能力研究[J].干旱区地理,2015,38(3):636-642.
[13] 林世伟,武瑞东."三江并流"区生态系统供水服务的空间分布特征[J].西部林业科学,2015,44(3):8-15.
[14] Chen L,Xie G D,Zhang S C,et al.Modelling ecosystem water supply services across the Lancang River Basin[J].Journal of Resources and Ecology,2011,2:322-327.
[15] 王雅,蒙吉军.基于InVEST模型的生态系统管理综述[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2015,51(6):1-9.
[16] 王雅,蒙吉军,齐杨,等.基于InVEST模型的生态系统管理综述[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(12):3526-3532.
[17] 孙栋元,李元红,胡想全,等.黑河流域水资源供需平衡与配置研究[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(3):217-221.
[18] 冯婧.气候变化对黑河流域水资源系统的影响及综合应对[D].上海:东华大学,2014.
[19] 程建忠,陆志翔,邹松兵,等.黑河干流上中游径流变化及其原因分析[J].冰川冻土,2017,39(1):123-129.
[20] 刘娅,朱文博,韩雅,等.基于SOFM神经网络的京津冀地区水源涵养功能分区[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(3):369-376.
[21] Donohue R J,Roderick M L,McVicar T R.Roots,stormsand soil pores:incorporating key ecohydrological processes into Budyko's hydrological model[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012,436/437:35-50.
[22] 包玉斌,李婷,林辉,等.基于InVEST模型的陕北黄土高原水源涵养功能时空变化[J].地理研究,2015,35(4):664-676.
[23] 丁霞.气候变化对黑河上游径流量的影响研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2015.
[24] 聂忆黄,龚斌,李忠,等.青藏高原水源涵养能力时空变化规律[J].地学前缘,2010,17(1):373-377.
[25] 何旭强,张勃,孙力炜,等.气候变化和人类活动对黑河上中游径流量变化的贡献率[J]生态学杂志,2012,31(11):2884-2890.
[26] 张凯,王润元,韩海涛,等.黑河流域气候变化的水文水资源效应[J].资源科学,2007(1):77-83.
[27] Wang C T,Long R J,Wang Q L,et al.Changes in plant diversity,biomass and soil C in alpine meadows at different degradation stages in the headwater region of three rivers,China[J].Land Degradation & Development,2009,20(2):187-198.
[28] 熊远清,吴鹏飞,张洪芝,等.若尔盖湿地退化过程中土壤水源涵养功能[J].生态学报,2011,31(19):5780-5788.