黑河底栖动物群落结构及生物多样性

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2019.00037

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2018年8月对黑河上中游底栖动物群落结构及生物多样性进行了调查研究。结果表明：共采集到底栖动物43种，其中节肢动物34种，软体动物7种，环节动物为2种；优势种为大蚊（Tipulidae sp.）、豆娘幼虫（Damselfly sp.）、水蜘蛛（Argyroneta sp.）、耳萝卜螺（Radix auricularia）、琥珀螺（Suecinea sp.）、白旋螺（Gyraulus albus）。底栖动物的平均密度和生物量分别为76.94 ind·m^-2和3.74 g·m^-2；底栖动物的现存量有着明显的空间差异性，整体上干流（1 032 ind·m^-2、60.0963 g·m^-2）大于支流（276 ind·m^-2、3.5233 g·m^-2）。由Sorensen相似性指数分析得出在不同生境下底栖动物的群落组成存在差异，干流底栖动物（36种）明显比支流（15种）丰富。聚类分析显示，物种相对丰富的牛板筋、小孤山、龙渠、湿地公园、张掖黑河大桥、高崖、罗成、正义峡采样点聚为一类，其余各点聚为一类。根据Carlander生物量指数得出黑河上中游水质整体处于中营养状态，其中上游支流呈现贫营养水平，干流为中营养水平。

关键词: 黑河, 底栖动物, 生物学指数, 群落结构, 生物多样性

Abstract: The community structure and biodiversity of zoobenthos in the upper and middle reaches of Heihe River were investigated in August 2018. The results showed that 43 species of zoobenthos were collected, The results showed that 43 species of zoobenthos were collected, including 34 species of arthropods, 7 species of mollusks and 2 species of annelids. The dominant species were Tipulidae, Damselfly, Argyroneta, Radix auricularia, Suecinea sp., Gyraulus albus. The average density and biomass of zoobenthos were 76.94 ind·m^-2 and 3.74 g·m^-2, respectively. There were obvious spatial differences in the existing amount of zoobenthos. The existing amount of zoobenthos in the main stream (1 032 ind·m^-2, 60.0963 g·m^-2) was larger than that in the tributaries (276 ind·m^-2, 3.5233 g·m^-2). According to Sorensen similarity index analysis, the community composition of zoobenthos in different habitats has spatial differences. and zoobenthos in the main stream (36 species) are obviously richer than those in the tributaries (15 species). Cluster analysis showed that the relatively abundant cattle tendons, Xiaogushan, Longqu, Wetland Park, Zhangye Heihe Bridge, Gaoya, Luocheng and Zhengyixia sampling points were clustered into one group, while the remaining points were clustered into one group. According to Carlander's biomass index, the water quality in the upper and middle reaches of Heihe River was in a middle nutritional state, in which the tributaries were at a low nutritional level and the mainstream was at a middle nutritional level.

Key words: Heihe River Basin, zoobenthos, biological index, community structure, biodiversity

中图分类号:

X820.2

王昱, 刘娟娟, 冯起, 刘贤德, 王之君, 郭亚敏, 孔德星. 黑河底栖动物群落结构及生物多样性[J]. 中国沙漠, 2020, 40(1): 125-135.

Wang Yu, Liu Juanjuan, Feng Qi, Liu Xiande, Wang Zhijun, Guo Yamin, Kong Dexing. Community structure and biodiversity of zoobenthos in Heihe River Basin[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2020, 40(1): 125-135.

参考文献

[1] 段学花,王兆印,徐梦珍.底栖动物与河流生态评价[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2010.
[2] 许浩,蔡永久,汤祥明,等.太湖大型底栖动物群落结构与水环境生物评价[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(5):840-852.
[3] 李艳利,李艳粉,徐宗学.影响浑太河流域大型底栖动物群落结构的环境因子分析[J].环境科学,2015(1):94-106.
[4] 段学花.河流水沙对底栖动物的生态影响研究[D].北京:清华大学,2009.
[5] 苟妮娜,靳铁治,边坤,等.黑河流域(秦岭段)春季底栖动物群落结构研究[J].陕西农业科学,2016,62(5):24-28.
[6] Gao X,Niu C J,Hu Z J.Macrobenthos community structure and its relations with environmental factors in Taihu River basin[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(12):3329-3336.
[7] 王军,周琼,谢从新,等.新疆额尔齐斯河大型底栖动物的群落结构及水质生物学评价[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(9):2420-2428.
[8] 马秀娟,沈建忠,王腾,等.天鹅洲故道底栖动物群落特征及水质生物学评价[J].环境科学,2014(10):3952-3958.
[9] 陈博,李卫明,陈求稳,等.夏季漓江不同底质类型和沉水植物对底栖动物分布的影响[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(7):1758-1765.
[10] 胡涛.北京密云水库大型底栖动物群落结构及水质生物学评价[J].水生态学杂志,2018,39(4):79-88.
[11] 马秀娟,沈建忠,孙金辉,等.天津于桥水库大型底栖动物群落结构及其水质生物学评价[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(9):2356-2364.
[12] Benke A C.Concepts and patterns of invertebrate production in running waters[J].SIL Proceedings,1922-2010,1993,25(1):15-38.
[13] 刘其根,查玉婷,陈立侨,等.浙江分水江水库大型底栖动物群落结构及水质评价[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(5):1377-1384.
[14] Covich A P,Palmer M A,Crowl T A.The role of benthic invertebrate species in freshwater ecosystems[J].BioScience,1999,49(2):119.
[15] 霍堂斌,刘曼红,姜作发,等.松花江干流大型底栖动物群落结构与水质生物评价[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(1):247-254.
[16] 丁建华,周立志,邓道贵.淮河干流大型底栖动物群落结构及水质生物学评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017(11):157-165.
[17] 马雅雪,姚维林,袁赛波,等.长江干流宜昌-安庆段大型底栖动物群落结构及环境分析[J].水生生物学报,2019,43(3):634-642.
[18] 陈浒,林陶,秦樊鑫.乌江流域大型底栖动物群落结构及其水质生物评价[J].水生态学杂志,2010,3(6):5-11.
[19] 丁永建,叶佰生,刘时银.祁连山中部地区40 a来气候变化及其对径流的影响[J].冰川冻土,2000,22(3):193-199.
[20] 郝媛媛,孙国钧,张立勋,等.黑河流域浮游植物群落特征与环境因子的关系[J].湖泊科学,2014,26(1):121-130.
[21] Chen J,J nsson P,Tamura M,et al.A simple method for reconstructing a high-quality NDVI time-series data set based on the Savitzky-Golay filter[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2004,91(3):332-344.
[22] 陈红翔,杨保,王章勇,等.黑河中游河道生态环境需水量研究[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(6):194-197.
[23] 王世岩,毛战坡,王亮,等.黑河流域水生态系统异质性与环境因子关系研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2014(6):7-12.
[24] Burford M A,Johnson S A,Cook A J,et al.Correlations between watershed and reservoir characteristics, and algal blooms in subtropical reservoirs.[J].Water Research,2007,41(18):4105-4114.
[25] 宁应之,烟郑杰,孙静,等.黑河干流纤毛虫群落组成及其对水质的响应[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(5):1350-1356.
[26] 李鹏,安黎哲,冯虎元,等.黑河流域底栖动物的研究[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2001,37(1):82-86.
[27] 李共国,徐杭英,于海燕,等.浙江水源地水库浮游动物丰度和生物量与水质参数的通径分析[J].水生生物学报,2019,43(1):165-172.
[28] 牛最荣,赵文智,黄维东,等.黑河下游生态调水对水资源时空变化的影响分析[J].水文,2011,31(5):52-56.
[29] 牛最荣,赵文智,陈学林,等.黑河流域中西部子水系水资源分布特征研究[J].冰川冻土,2010,32(6):1194-1201.
[30] 陈豫英,冯建民,陈楠,等.西北地区东部可利用降水的时空变化特征[J].干旱区地理,2012,35(1):56-66.
[31] Chakraborti N.Fragmentation and flow regulation of the world's large river systems.[J].Science,2005,308(5720):405-408.
[32] 丁宏伟,胡兴林,蓝永超,等.黑河流域水资源转化特征及其变化规律[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(6):1460-1469.
[33] 程建忠,陆志翔,邹松兵,等.黑河干流上中游径流变化及其原因分析[J].冰川冻土,2017,39(1):123-129.
[34] 郭巧玲,杨云松,畅祥生,等.1957-2008年黑河流域径流年内分配变化[J].地理科学进展,2011,30(5):550-556.
[35] 王俊才,王新华.中国北方摇蚊幼虫[M].北京:中国言实出版社,2011.
[36] 辽宁省环境监测实验中心.辽河流域底栖动物监测图鉴[M].北京:中国环境出版社,2014.
[37] 刘月英.中国经济动物志淡水软体动物[M].北京:科学出版社,1979.
[38] Carlander K D.Farm fishpond research in Iowa[J].The Journal of Wildlife Management,1952,16(3):258-261.
[39] Shannon C E,Weaver W,Wiener N.The Mathematical Theory of Communication[M].Illinois,USA:University of Illinois,1949.
[40] Margalef D R.Information theory in ecology[J].Computers&Chemistry,1957,25(4):393-399.
[41] Pielou E C,Levandowsky M.Ecological diversity[J].Quarterly Review of Biology,1975,34:1-16.
[42] 闫云君,李晓宇.汉江流域上游支流大型底栖动物群落结构特征与生物多样性[J].湖泊科学,2007,19(5):585-591.
[43] 刘曼红,马成学,左彦东,等.镜泊湖大型底栖动物群落调查[J].水生态学杂志,2009,30(4):1-7.
[44] 张莹,吕振波,徐宗法,等.环境污染对小清河口大型底栖动物多样性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(2):381-387.
[45] 李鹏,李彩霞,冯虎元,等.黑河流域浮游动物及其地理分布特征研究[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2000,36(3):191-192.
[46] 李娣,牛志春,王霞,等.长江江苏段底栖动物群落结构与多样性分析[J].应用与环境生物学报,2015,21(1):96-100.
[47] 吕光俊,熊邦喜,刘敏,等.不同营养类型水库大型底栖动物的群落结构特征及其水质评价[J].生态学报,2009,29(10):5339-5349.
[48] 孙伟胜,顾钱洪,董静,等.淮河流域板桥水库大型底栖动物群落结构及水质生物学评价[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(9):2843-2851.
[49] 陆强.杭州西溪湿地大型底栖动物群落特征及与环境因子的关系[J].生态学报,2013,33(9):2803-2815.
[50] 王昱,卢世国,刘娟娟,等.春季枯水期黑河水体理化性质的空间分布特征[J].生态与农村环境学报,2019,35(4):433-441.
[51] 刘祥,陈凯,陈求稳,等.淮河流域典型河流夏秋季底栖动物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(6):1928-1938.
[52] 李鹏,安黎哲,冯虎元,等.黑河流域浮游植物及其地理分布特征研究[J].西北植物学报,2001,21(5):966-972.