人工固沙区土壤碳分布及其与土壤属性的关系

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2016.00155

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 选择腾格里沙漠东南缘沙坡头地区不同年代建立的人工固沙林（1964、1981、1990年）及临近的流动沙丘，对0~3.0 m剖面上的土壤进行取样和分析，以探讨固沙植被的建立和发展对土壤碳（有机碳和无机碳）分布的影响及其与土壤属性的关系。结果表明：在流动沙丘建立人工固沙植被近50年后，表层（0~0.1 m）土壤有机碳和无机碳含量均明显增加，土壤有机碳含量为1.95 g·kg^-1，是流动沙丘的6.67倍，无机碳含量为4.19 g·kg^-1，是流动沙丘的1.46倍。将土壤剖面划分为3层后（0~0.4，0.4~1.0、1.0~3.0 m）分析显示，从流动沙丘到1964年固沙区，土壤有机碳密度显著增加（0.18 kg·m^-2到0.52 kg·m^-2），且浅层（0~0.4 m）的增加快于深层（1.0~3.0 m）；同时，浅层有机碳密度在整个剖面中所占比例显著增加（14.3%到30.4%），而深层减少（64.8%到51.6%）。浅层和深层无机碳密度均有增加趋势，但差异不显著。冗余分析显示，土壤细颗粒含量、水分有效性、总氮含量、总磷含量、pH值和电导率与土壤碳密度关系密切，解释了土壤碳密度86.2%的变异。土壤有机碳密度与土壤细颗粒、总氮总磷含量及水分有效性、电导率极显著正相关（P<0.001）；土壤无机碳密度与土壤细颗粒、总磷含量及水分有效性、总氮含量显著正相关（P<0.05）。在1.0~3.0 m和0~3.0 m剖面上，土壤有机碳密度与土壤水分含量分别存在显著和极显著的负相关关系（P<0.05和P<0.01）。

关键词: 流动沙丘, 固沙植被, 有机碳, 无机碳, 土壤性质

Abstract: Soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) are both crucial components of soil carbon. In arid and semi-arid regions, there exist at least as much as or more SIC than SOC, and it has a great potential for reducing the rate of atmospheric CO₂ enrichment by increasing SOC and SIC sequestration. Studies involving soil carbon sequestration mainly focused on SOC in the first meter, or even shallower, and SIC was often neglected or underestimated. Revegetation, an effective method for controlling desertification and sequestrating carbon, has been wildly used in desert areas of China. However, knowledge about effects of revegetation on SOC and SIC distribution in both shallow and deep soils are still limited, as well as their relations with soil changes. In this study, we investigated the distribution of soil carbon from sand-binding areas established in 1964, 1981 and 1990 (Y64, Y81, and Y90), and adjacent moving sand dunes (Y0) in terms of concentration and density of both SOC and SIC along 0-3.0 m soil profile. The results showed that, in 0-0.1 m layer, SOC concentration increased from 0.29 g·kg^-1 of Y0 to 1.95 g·kg^-1 of Y64, and SIC concentration increased from 2.87 g·kg^-1 of Y0 to 4.19 g·kg^-1 of Y64. SOC concentration decreased as soil depth increased, while SIC concentration waved at a range of 2.44 g·kg^-1 to 3.31 g·kg^-1. The total SOC density in 0-3.0 m profile increased significantly from Y0 to Y64, and that in 0-0.4 m layer (0.18 to 0.52 kg·m^-2) increased faster than 1.0-3.0 m layer (0.80 to 0.88 kg·m^-2), thus the ratio of SOC density in 0-0.4 m layer (14.3% to 30.4%) significantly increased but that of 1.0-3.0 m decreased (64.8% to 51.6%). SIC density in 0-0.4 m and 1.0-3.0 m layer also increased from Y0 to Y64. According to redundancy analysis, soil fine particles (FPs), water availability (SWA), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), pH and electrical conductivity (EC) positively related to soil carbon density in 0-0.4 m layer, and these factors could explain 86.2% of variation in soil carbon density. The results of correlation analysis further showed that SOC density has significant positive relations with FPs, TN, TP, SWA and EC (P<0.001), while SIC positively related with all soil properties (P<0.05) except pH and EC. In addition, SOC density negatively related with soil water content in 0-3.0 m profile (P<0.01) and 1.0-3.0 m layer (P<0.05). Overall, our findings indicated that establishment of sand-binding vegetation are beneficial for accumulation of SOC and SIC in both shallow and deep soils, and changes of soil carbon closely related to soil properties.

Key words: moving sand dunes, sand-binding vegetation, soil organic carbon, soil inorganic carbon, soil properties

中图分类号:

S153.6

陈永乐, 张志山, 赵洋. 人工固沙区土壤碳分布及其与土壤属性的关系[J]. 中国沙漠, 2017, 37(2): 296-304.

Chen Yongle, Zhang Zhishan, Zhao Yang. Distribution of Soil Carbon in Sand-binding Area and Its Relation with Soil Properties[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2017, 37(2): 296-304.

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