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中国沙漠 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 212-222.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2024.00066

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黑河流域梯级库区沉积物氮磷营养盐和重金属分布特征及污染评价

王昱1,2(), 范逸扬1, 袁辉3, 王哲辉1, 先锋云1, 田苗1, 袁兴鹏1   

  1. 1.兰州理工大学,能源与动力工程学院,甘肃 兰州 730050
    2.兰州理工大学,甘肃省生物质能与太阳能互补供能系统重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730050
    3.甘肃省水环境监测中心,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-15 修回日期:2024-05-23 出版日期:2024-07-20 发布日期:2024-08-29
  • 通讯作者: 袁辉
  • 作者简介:袁辉(E-mail: 752139740 @qq.com)
    王昱(1979—),男,甘肃永昌人,博士,教授,主要从事生态水文及水力学方面的研究。E-mail: wangyu-mike@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(52169015);甘肃省重点研发计划项目(23YFFA0020);甘肃省2023年水利科研与技术推广项目(23GSLK022)

Characteristics and assessment of nutrient and heavy metal pollution in the cascade reservoir sediments of the Heihe River Basin

Yu Wang1,2(), Yiyang Fan1, Hui Yuan3, Zhehui Wang1, Fengyun Xian1, Miao Tian1, Xingpeng Yuan1   

  1. 1.School of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China
    2.Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Solar Energy Complementary Energy Supply System, Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China
    3.Gansu Provincial Water Environment Monitoring Centre,Lanzhou 730000,China
  • Received:2024-03-15 Revised:2024-05-23 Online:2024-07-20 Published:2024-08-29
  • Contact: Hui Yuan

摘要:

为探究黑河流域梯级库区沉积物氮磷营养盐和重金属的分布特征及进行污染评价,于2021年8月选取黑河流域梯级库区为研究目标,采集沉积物样品,测定重金属Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cd、Mn、As含量及总氮、总磷含量,利用多种评价方法对上述污染物含量进行评估,同时运用相关性分析探讨重金属的来源、分布及与氮磷营养盐的内在关系。结果表明:干流仅小孤山水库沉积物中总氮达到轻度污染水平,支流平均污染指数均高于干流平均水平;8座水库沉积物总磷污染指数均处于清洁状态。Cr、Cu、Mn、Pb、Zn平均含量超过青藏高原土壤背景值。地累积指数表明As、Cd、Cr、Mn、Ni和Pb的平均值小于或等于0;潜在生态风险系数表明重金属Cd风险系数最高,其次是Cu和Ni,是引起库区沉积物重金属污染的主要因素;潜在风险指数表明流域水库整体重金属污染较轻,各级支流污染情况优于干流;干流库容较大的小孤山与龙首二级库区达到中等风险。相关性分析和聚类分析揭示TN、TP、Mn具有相似的污染来源,主要来源是农业生产中大量使用的氮肥和磷肥与岩石的自然风化;Cu、Cr、Ni来源于农副产品和有色金属加工等工业废水排放;As与生活污水与工业排放有关;Cd、Pb主要来源于矿业开采。

关键词: 黑河, 沉积物, 重金属, 营养盐, 梯级库区

Abstract:

To explore the distribution characteristics and pollution assessment of nitrogen, phosphorus, nutrients, and heavy metals in the sediment of the cascade reservoirs in the Heihe River Basin, sediment samples were collected in August 2021. Eight heavy metals including Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd, Mn, and As, as well as total nitrogen and total phosphorus content, were determined. Various assessment methods were used to evaluate the content of the above pollutants. At the same time, correlation analysis was used to explore the sources, distribution, and intrinsic relationship between heavy metals and nitrogen-phosphorus nutrients. The results showed that only total nitrogen in the sediment of Xiaogushan Reservoir in the main stream reached a mild pollution level, while the average pollution index of tributaries was higher than that of the main stream. The pollution index of total phosphorus in sediment of all eight reservoirs was in a clean state. The average content of Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn exceeded the background values of soils in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The geo-accumulation index showed that the average values of As, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Pb were less than or equal to 0. The potential ecological risk coefficient indicated that Cd had the highest risk coefficient, followed by Cu and Ni, which were the main factors causing heavy metal pollution in the reservoir sediment. The potential risk index indicated that the overall heavy metal pollution in the basin reservoirs was relatively light, and the pollution levels of tributaries were better than that of the main stream. Xiaogushan and Longshou Ⅱ reservoir areas with large reservoir capacities reached moderate risk levels. Correlation analysis and cluster analysis revealed that TN, TP, and Mn had similar pollution sources, mainly from the extensive use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in agricultural production and the natural weathering of rocks. Cu, Cr, and Ni came from industrial wastewater discharge from agricultural and sideline products and non-ferrous metal processing. As was related to domestic sewage and industrial emissions, while Cd and Pb mainly came from mining activities.

Key words: Heihe River, sediments, heavy metals, nutrient salts, cascade reservoir area

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