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中国沙漠 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 295-304.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00177

• • 上一篇    

恢复措施对退化荒漠草原植被与土壤的影响

王梅鑫1,2(), 刘良旭1, 王少昆1, 陈敏1, 马旭君1, Khaulenbek Akhmadi3, 郭珍林4, 张晓雪1,2, 曲浩1()   

  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 乌拉特荒漠草原研究站/干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    3.蒙古科学院地理与地生态学研究所,蒙古国 乌兰巴托 15170
    4.盐池县林业和草原局,宁夏 盐池 751599
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-07 修回日期:2025-06-24 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-08-18
  • 通讯作者: 曲浩
  • 作者简介:王梅鑫(2000—),女,山西运城人,硕士研究生,主要从事恢复生态学方面的研究。E-mail: wangmeixin@nieer.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42377473);甘肃省科技计划项目(25YFWA008);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2020BBF02003)

Effects of different restoration measures on vegetation and soil characteristics in degraded desert steppe

Meixin Wang1,2(), Liangxu Liu1, Shaokun Wang1, Min Chen1, Xujun Ma1, Akhmadi Khaulenbek3, Zhenlin Guo4, Xiaoxue Zhang1,2, Hao Qu1()   

  1. 1.Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station / State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
    3.Institute of Geography and Geoecology,Mongolian Academy of Sciences,Ulaanbaatar 15170,Mongolia
    4.Yanchi County Forestry and Grassland Bureau,Yanchi 751599,Ningxia,China
  • Received:2025-05-07 Revised:2025-06-24 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-08-18
  • Contact: Hao Qu

摘要:

荒漠草原退化一直是备受关注的生态安全问题,选取科学合理的恢复措施是实现退化荒漠草原生态恢复和可持续发展的关键。由于单一措施效果有限,多种措施整合已成为退化荒漠草原恢复的重要手段。本研究以中国北方典型退化荒漠草原(宁夏盐池)为研究区,整合防沙网、凋落物和有机肥(设置对照、防沙网、防沙网+凋落物、防沙网+凋落物+有机肥4种处理),通过对植被盖度、土壤环境因子和土壤养分状况连续5年的监测,量化和对比不同措施对荒漠草原生态恢复的具体效应。结果表明:(1)添加防沙网对植被盖度有直接的促进作用,但并未显著改变土壤养分含量和微生物数量;(2)防沙网+凋落物通过增加有机物的输入改善了土壤理化性质,对植被盖度也有比对照和单一防沙网处理更显著的提升;(3)防沙网+凋落物+有机肥对植被和土壤特征的改善最为明显,但有机肥持续效应较短,随着时间的增加各项指标与防沙网+凋落物的差异不显著(土壤微生物数量除外)。因此,综合考虑生态恢复效率及经济性、便利性,防沙网+凋落物可作为退化荒漠草原生态恢复的最佳措施。

关键词: 荒漠草原, 生态恢复, 防沙网, 凋落物, 有机肥

Abstract:

Desert steppe degradation is one of the most concerning ecological issues. Therefore, selecting scientifically restoration measure is key to achieving ecological restoration and sustainable development of degraded desert steppe. Due to the limited effectiveness of single measure, the integration of multiple approaches has become an important strategy for restoring degraded desert steppe. We conducted a 5-year study in a typical degraded desert steppe of northern China. We set four treatments (control, sand-fixing barrier, sand-fixing barrier + litter addition, and sand-fixing barrier + litter addition + organic fertilizer) to quantify and compare the specific effects of different measures on desert steppe restoration by monitoring vegetation coverage, soil environmental factors, and soil nutrients. The results showed that: (1) sand-fixing barriers significantly enhanced vegetation coverage but did not substantially alter soil nutrient content or microbial abundance; (2) sand-fixing barrier + litter addition improved soil physicochemical properties through organic matter input, and demonstrated greater enhancement in vegetation coverage compared to control and using sand-fixing barrier alone;(3) sand-fixing barrier + litter addition + organic fertilizer had the most pronounced improvements in vegetation and soil characteristics at the beginning of the experiment. However, the effects of fertilizer lasted shortly, and with no difference from the sand-fixing barrier + litter addition over time (except for soil microbial abundance). Considering restoration effectiveness, economical cost and practicality, sand-fixing barrier + litter addition represents the optimal restoration measure for degraded desert steppe ecosystems.

Key words: desert steppe, ecological restoration, sand-fixing barrier, litter addition, organic fertilizer

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