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中国沙漠 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 215-222.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2022.00015

• • 上一篇    

退化和恢复过程驱动的荒漠草地生态系统有机碳密度变化

于钊1(), 李奇铮2, 王培源3, 蒋齐4   

  1. 1.宁夏回族自治区林业和草原局 宁夏林业项目管理中心,宁夏 银川 750001
    2.宁夏大学,农学院,宁夏 银川 750021
    3.宁夏大学,生态环境学院,宁夏 银川 750021
    4.宁夏农林科学院 荒漠化治理研究所,宁夏 银川 750002
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-29 修回日期:2022-02-16 出版日期:2022-03-20 发布日期:2022-03-30
  • 作者简介:于钊(1971—),男,宁夏中卫人,研究员,主要从事林业草原生态建设工作。E-mail: nxyuzhao@yeah.net
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏回族自治区农业科技自主创新资金项目(NGSB-2021-14-04);国家自然科学基金项目(41501110)

Changes of organic carbon density in desert steppe ecosystem driven by degradation and restoration

Zhao Yu1(), Qizheng Li2, Peiyuan Wang3, Qi Jiang4   

  1. 1.Ningxia Forestry Project Management Center,Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Yinchuan 750001,China
    2.School of Agriculture /, Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
    3.School of Ecology and Environment, Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
    4.Research Institute of Desertification Control,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science,Yinchuan 750002,China
  • Received:2021-11-29 Revised:2022-02-16 Online:2022-03-20 Published:2022-03-30

摘要:

荒漠草地是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,研究退化和恢复荒漠草地生态系统碳密度的变化特征,是精确评估荒漠草地在全球气候变化中作用的关键,也能为中国碳达峰和碳中和提供数据支撑和理论依据。通过野外调查取样和室内分析,研究了腾格里沙漠南缘天然荒漠草地、重度退化荒漠草地和通过植被建设恢复良好的人工-天然荒漠草地的生态系统碳密度,主要包括植被生物量碳和土壤有机碳。结果表明:天然荒漠草地灌木生物量碳密度(叶、新生枝、老龄枝、枯枝和根系)为213.234 g·m-2(17.688、8.035、59.163、21.732 g·m-2和106.617 g·m-2),草本(地上部和根系)生物量碳密度为84.269 g·m-2 (12.192 g·m-2和72.077 g·m-2),0—100 cm土壤剖面土壤有机碳密度为2.517 kg·m-2。退化荒漠草地碳损失较为严重,其灌木、草本生物量碳和土壤有机碳密度仅为天然荒漠生态系统的14.901%、45.549%和26.852%。但是,退化荒漠草地具有较强的固碳潜力,在进行人工植被建设后,恢复荒漠草地灌木、草本生物量碳和0—100 cm土壤有机碳密度显著增加,分别为退化荒漠草地的2.463、5.305倍和2.392倍,总有机碳密度增加了1.152 kg·m-2。恢复草地0—20 cm土层土壤有机碳密度和草本生物量碳密度已经达到天然荒漠草地水平,但生态系统总体上还具有较大的固碳潜力(0.916 kg·m-2)。中国荒漠和沙漠化地区具有巨大的固碳潜力,进行合理的人工植被恢复措施是增加荒漠生态系统碳储量、减缓大气中CO2浓度上升、实现中国碳达峰和碳中和以及应对全球气候变化的重要策略。

关键词: 荒漠草地, 生态恢复, 生物量碳, 土壤有机碳, 固碳潜力, 碳中和

Abstract:

Desert grassland is an important component of the terrestrial ecosystem, the study of carbon density in degraded and restored desert grassland ecosystem is important to evaluate the role of desert grassland in global climate change. It can also provide data support and theoretical basis for peaking carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and carbon neutralization by 2060 of China. Field investigation, sampling and laboratory analysis were carried out for natural, heavily degraded and restored desert grassland in the southeastern fringe of the Tengger Desert, China. Differences of the total organic carbon density, soil organic carbon density (SOCD), shrubs biomass carbon density (BCD), and herb BCD among three ecosystems were examined. The results showed that shrub (leaves, new branches, aging branches, standing-dead and roots) BCD, herbage (shoot and root) BCD and SOCD of 0-100 cm soil profile of typical desert grassland were 213.234 g m-2 (17.688 g·m-2, 8.035 g·m-2, 59.163 g·m-2, 21.732 g·m-2 and 106.617 g·m-2), 84.269 g·m-2 (12.192 g·m-2 and 72.077 g·m-2) and 2.517 kg·m-2, respectively. The carbon loss of degraded desert grassland was serious, shrub BCD, herbage BCD and SOCD only accounted for 14.901%, 45.549% and 26.852% of natural desert grassland. Degraded desert grassland had strong carbon sequestration potential, shrub BCD, herbage BCD and SOCD of 0-100 cm soil profile of restored desert grassland increased significantly, they were 2.463 times, 5.305 times, and 2.392 times as much as that of degraded desert grassland, respectively. The total organic carbon density increased by 1.152 kg·m-2. SOCD of 0-20 cm soil profile and herbage BCD have reached the level of typical desert grassland, however, there was a large carbon sequestration potential (0.916 kg·m-2). Our study suggests that the desert and desertification area in China has great carbon sequestration potential, reasonable restoration measures is important strategy to increase carbon storage of desert grassland, alleviate the increase of CO2 concentration and mitigate global climate change.

Key words: desert grassland, ecology restoration, biomass carbon, soil organic carbon, carbon sequestration potential, carbon neutralization

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