新垦沙地农田土壤有机碳时空变异特征

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00152

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对河西走廊临泽绿洲边缘区域的新垦沙地农田，采用传统统计学和地统计学相结合的方法研究田块尺度的土壤有机碳时空变异特征。结果表明：（1）在本研究的空间尺度内，土壤有机碳含量在2.66～6.90 g·kg-1范围之间变化，平均值为4.45 g·kg-1，变异系数为24.5%；其空间分布呈明显的斑块状，最佳的变异函数理论模型为指数模型，其块金值和基台值分别为0.13和1.28，偏基台值和基台值的比值及变程分别为0.90及18.24 m；土壤有机碳空间分布与全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量及电导率显著正相关（p＜0.01），与pH值显著负相关（p＜0.05）。（2）在本研究的监测时间尺度内（2004—2010年），土壤有机碳年平均值在3.81～4.71 g·kg-1幅度内变化，变异系数为6.8%，无明显的变化趋势；土壤有机碳含量年际间变化与播种量显著正相关，与作物产量显著负相关，而与施氮量、灌溉量和地上部生物量相关不显著。综上所述，新垦沙地农田土壤有机碳含量较区域水平低，其田块尺度的空间异质性是由成土母质、地形等区域因素作用的结果，而对农田管理影响下的新垦沙地农田土壤有机碳含量演变规律的研究需建立在更长时间尺度的土壤监测数据基础上。

关键词: 土壤有机碳, 新垦农田, 时空变异, 绿洲, 施氮量

Abstract:

At the marginal regions of the Linze Oasis in Hexi corridor, a study was conducted to proclaim the field-scale spatial and temporal variation characteristic of soil organic carbon in a reclaimed sandy farmland. The results showed that according to the data collected from tests of spatial variation, the content of soil organic carbon ranged from 2.66 to 6.90 g·kg-1, and the average content and variation coefficient of soil organic carbon were 4.45 g·kg-1 and 24.5%, respectively. The exponential model was fitted to the semivariograms of soil organic carbon. The nugget（C0）, sill（C0+C）, C/（C0+C） and range were 0.13, 1.28, 0.90 and 18.24 m, respectively. Significant positive correlations were observed between soil organic carbon and total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, electricity conductivity, and significant negative correlation were observed between soil organic carbon and pH. According to the data collected from tests of temporal variation, the annual average of soil organic carbon ranged from 3.81 to 4.71 g·kg-1, and its variation coefficient was 6.8%, indicating that the annual change of soil organic carbon in this reclaimed field was not obvious. The annual average content of soil organic carbon had significantly positive correlations with seeding rate, and negative correlation with crop yield. There were no significant correlations between soil organic carbon, nitrogen and irrigation application rate. It could be demonstrated that the soil organic carbon content of reclaimed farmland was lower than regional level. Spatial variability of soil organic in this reclaimed field was mainly affected by regional factors such as soil parent material and geography. However, to understand the effect of cropland management on evolution rule of soil organic carbon, soil monitoring needs to conduct more long in this reclaimed field.

Key words: soil organic carbon, reclaimed field, spatial and temporal variation, oasis, nitrogen application rate

中图分类号:

S153.6

杨荣1,2，苏永中1，王敏1，杜明武1，杨晓1，雷耀湖3. 新垦沙地农田土壤有机碳时空变异特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2013, 33(4): 1078-1083.

YANG Rong1,2, SU Yong-zhong1, WANG Min1, DU Ming-wu1, YANG Xiao1, LEI Yao-hu3. Field-scale Spatial and Temporal Variation of Soil Organic Carbon in a Reclaimed Sandy Farmland[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2013, 33(4): 1078-1083.

参考文献

[1]崔永琴,马剑英,刘小宁,等.人类活动对土壤有机碳库的影响研究[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(2):407-414.

[2]黄耀,孙文娟,张稳,等.中国陆地生态系统土壤有机碳变化研究进展[J].中国科学:生命科学,2010,40(7):577-588.

[3]苏永中,赵哈林.土壤有机碳储量、影响因素及其环境效应的研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2002,22(3):220-228.

[4]Al-Kaisi M M,Yin X H,Licht M A.Soil carbon and nitrogen changes as influenced by tillage and cropping systems in some Iowa soils[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2005,105:635-647.

[5]Lu F,Wang X,Han B,et al.Soil carbon sequestrations by nitrogen fertilizer application,straw return and no-tillage in Chinas cropland[J].Global Change Biology,2009,15:281-305.

[6]马力,杨林章,慈恩,程月琴,等.长期不同施肥处理对水稻土有机碳分布变异及其矿化动态的影响[J].土壤学报,2009,46(6):1050-1058.

[7]Hu K L,Li H,Li B G,et al.Spatial and temporal patterns of soil organic matter in the urban-rural transition zone of Beijing[J].Geoderma,2007,141:302-310.

[8]Huang B,Sun W X,Zhao Y C,et al.Temporal and spatial variability of soil organic matter and total nitrogen in an agricultural ecosystem as affected by farming practices[J].Geoderma,2007,139:336-345.

[9]王玉刚,肖笃宁,李彦,等.三工河流域绿洲土壤有机碳的空间分布[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(1):101-107.

[10]Croft H,Kuhn N J,Anderson K.On the use of remote sensing techniques for monitoring spatio-temporal soil organic carbon dynamics in agricultural systems[J].Catena,2012,94:64-74.

[11]Peigné J,Vian J F,Cannavacciuolo M,et al.Soil sampling based on field spatial variability of soil microbial indicators[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2009,45:488-495.

[12]Li C S,Zhuang Y H,Frolking S,et al.Modeling soil organic carbon change in croplands of China[J].Ecological Applications,2003,13(2):327-336.

[13]Zhang K,Dang H,Tan S,et al.Change in soil organic carbon following the \!Grain-for-green\" programme in China[J].Land Degradation and Development,2010,21:13-23.

[14]张俊华,李国栋,南忠仁,等.黑河中游不同土地利用类型下土壤有机碳时空分布特征[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2009,45(4):66-72.

[15]潘根兴.中国土壤有机碳库及其演变与应对气候变化[J].气候变化研究进展,2008,4(5):282-288.

[16]Li X G,Li Y K,Li F M,et al.Changes in soil organic carbon,nutrients and aggregation after conversion of native desert soil into irrigated arable land[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2009,140:263-269.

[17]刘文杰,苏永中,陈生云,等.临泽绿洲农田土壤肥力质量时空变化特征[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(1):132-139.

[18]邬建国.景观生态学——格局、过程、尺度与等级[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:127.

[19]汤国安,杨昕.ArcGIS地理信息系统空间分析实验教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:5.

[20]王淑英,胡克林,路革,等.北京平谷区土壤有效磷的空间变异特征及其环境风险评价[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(4):1290-1298.

[21]Yang P G,Mao R Z,Shao H B,et al.The spatial variability of heavy metal distribution in the suburban farmland of Taihang Piedmont Plain,China[J].Comptes Rendus Biologies,2009,332:558-566.

[22]Su Y Z,Yang R.Evolution of soil structure and fertility after conversion of native sandy desert soil to irrigated cropland in arid region,China[J].Soil Science,2010,175(5):246-254.

[23]张贵龙,赵建宁,宋晓龙,等.施肥对土壤有机碳含量及碳库管理指数的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(2):359-365.

[24]郭胜利,高会议,党延辉,等.施氮水平对黄土旱塬区小麦产量和土壤有机碳、氮的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(4):808-814.