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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 301-311.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00097

• • 上一篇    

雅鲁藏布江中下游流域宽谷风蚀区土壤质量

宫航1(), 刘昊1, 陈松焱5, 丁国栋1,2,3,4()   

  1. 1.北京林业大学,水土保持学院,北京 100083
    2.北京林业大学,林业生态工程教育部工程研究中心,北京 100083
    3.北京林业大学,水土保持国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京 100083
    4.北京林业大学,宁夏盐池毛乌素沙地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,北京 100083
    5.西藏农牧大学 资源与环境学院,西藏 林芝 860000
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-10 修回日期:2025-04-24 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-04-13
  • 通讯作者: 丁国栋
  • 作者简介:宫航(2000—),女,河北省承德人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为荒漠生态学。E-mail: 3150678475@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金专项项目(32241036)

Soil quality evaluation of different site types in wind erosion area of wide valley in the middle and lower reaches of Yarlung Zangbo River Basin

Hang Gong1(), Hao Liu1, Songyan Chen5, Guodong Ding1,2,3,4()   

  1. 1.School of Soil and Water Conservation /, Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China
    2.MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering /, Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China
    3.Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation,State Forestry and Grassland Administration /, Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China
    4.Ningxia Yanchi Maowusu Ecosystem National Positioning Observation Research Station, Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China
    5.College of Resources and Environment,Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University,Linzhi 860000,Xizang,China
  • Received:2025-03-10 Revised:2025-04-24 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-04-13
  • Contact: Guodong Ding

摘要:

雅鲁藏布江流域作为青藏高原脆弱生态区的一部分,其土壤质量直接关系到区域生态安全。研究雅江流域中下游风蚀区不同立地类型下的土壤质量变化特征,可为该区域生态系统保护和防沙治沙提供理论依据。以研究区内6种典型的立地类型(草地、林地、耕地、河滩地、固定沙地、流动沙地)为研究对象,基于土壤机械组成、土壤养分(有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效钾、有效磷)质量分数等9种土壤理化性质指标监测,采用相关性分析和主成分分析法建立最小数据集(MDS),并根据加权求和指数法定量评估不同立地类型下的土壤质量状况。结果表明:(1)研究区不同立地类型和不同深度下土壤质地变化不明显,土壤机械组成依次为砂粒>粉粒>黏粒。土壤黏粒含量占比最高的为林地(0.9%),粉粒含量占比最高的为耕地(27.0%),河滩地土壤主要由砂粒(90.7%)组成,其黏粒(0.1%)含量占比最低。(2)研究区不同立地类型下土壤化学性质存在明显差异,且整体上随土层深度的增加而降低,具有一定的表聚性。(3)研究区土壤质量指数评价的最小数据集包括砂粒体积百分比、速效钾质量分数以及全钾质量分数,其权重分别为0.55、0.30和0.14,土壤质量整体上表现为草地(0.55)>耕地(0.54)>林地(0.53)>固定沙地(0.42)>流动沙地(0.32)>河滩地(0.27)。

关键词: 立地类型, 土壤质量, 土壤理化性质, 雅鲁藏布江流域

Abstract:

As a part of the fragile ecological area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the soil quality of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin is directly related to the regional ecological security. Exploring the characteristics of soil quality changes under different site types in the wind erosion area of the middle and lower reaches of the Yajiang River Basin can provide a theoretical basis for ecosystem protection and sand control. In this study, six typical site types (grassland, forest land, cultivated land, flood land, fixed sand land, and mobile sand land) in the study area were taken as the research objects. Based on the monitoring of nine soil physical and chemical properties such as soil mechanical composition and soil nutrients (organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available potassium and available phosphorus), the minimum data set (MDS) was established by correlation analysis and principal component analysis, and the soil quality under different site types was quantitatively evaluated according to the weighted summation index method. The results showed that : (1) The soil texture of different site types and different depths in the study area did not change significantly, and the soil particle size composition was: sand > silt > clay. The highest proportion of soil clay content was forest land (0.9%), and the highest proportion of silt content was cultivated land (27.0%). The soil of flood land was mainly composed of sand (90.7%), and its clay (0.1%) content was the lowest. (2) There are obvious differences in soil chemical properties under different site types in the study area, and it decreases with the increase of soil depth as a whole, which has certain surface aggregation. (3) The minimum data set of soil quality index evaluation in the study area included sand volume percentage, available potassium mass fraction, and total potassium mass fraction, and their weights were 0.55,0.30 and 0.14, respectively. The overall soil quality was grassland (0.55) > cultivated land (0.54) > forest land (0.53) > fixed sand land (0.42) > moving sand land (0.32) > river beach land (0.27). The evaluation results have an important reference value for sustainable soil management in this area.

Key words: site type, soil quality, soil physical and chemical properties, yarlung zangbo River Basin.

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