img

官方微信

高级检索

中国沙漠 ›› 2009, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (1): 1-9.

• 沙漠与沙漠化 •    下一篇

干旱区绿洲化、荒漠化研究的进展与趋势

王涛   

  1. 中国科学院沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室, 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所, 甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2008-10-15 修回日期:2008-12-16 出版日期:2009-01-20 发布日期:2009-01-20

Review and Prospect of Research on Oasification and Desertification in Arid Regions

WANG Tao   

  1. Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Received:2008-10-15 Revised:2008-12-16 Online:2009-01-20 Published:2009-01-20

摘要:

干旱区绿洲化、荒漠化是两个反向发展而又相互联系的过程。近60 a来,我国绿洲化面积从20世纪50年代后期的2.5万km2扩大到10.4万km2,沙漠化土地面积由5.3万km2扩大到11.4万km2,受盐渍化危害的耕地面积达到1.5万km2,占总耕地面积的30%。绿洲化优化了局地生态环境,扩大了人类的生存空间,但绿洲低水平、无序的开发使绿洲稳定性下降,同时引发包括荒漠化在内的一系列生态环境问题。通过对绿洲化、荒漠化研究进展的综述,提出了围绕几个关键科学问题近期需要开展的主要研究内容和总体思路,努力在全面认知人类活动与气候变化作用下水、土、气、生过程及其相互作用的基础上,揭示绿洲化、荒漠化过程及其演变机理,为综合评价环境变化趋势和效应以及调控对策与管理模式的研究,提供科学依据。

关键词: 绿洲化, 荒漠化, 过程, 干旱区

Abstract: Oasification and desertification are the two contrarily developing but correlated processes of arid regions. The area of osification of China has increased to 10.4×104 km2 from 2.5×104 km2 of the late 1950s in the past 60 years, simultaneously, the area of desertification has expanded from 5.3×104 km2 to 11.4×104 km2 and the arable land area suffered from salinization has reached up to 1.5×104 km2, accounting for 30% of the total arable land area. The process of oasification has improved the local eco\|environment and extended the living space of human being, but the planless and low\|level development of oases has lowered the oasis stability and triggered a series of eco\|environmental problems, in which desertification involved. This paper reviewed the research progresses on oasification and desertification, and has put forward a general thinking and some important subjects waiting for performing in the near future against several key problems. The prospect of researches in this field lies in disclosing the forming of oasification and desertification as well as their evolution mechanism on the premise of completely cognizing the processes of Water\|Soil\|Atmosphere\|Biology and their interaction under functioning of anthropogenic activities and climatic changes, providing scientific bases for synthetically evaluating environment changing trend and environmental effect, formulating controlling strategies and management models.

Key words: oasification, desertification, process, arid region