By using meteorological observation data and NCEP reanalysis data, a comparison between a cold front dust storm and a Mongolia cyclone dust storm were conducted. The results showed that there was evident baroclinic forcing in both kinds of dust storm processes. For the cold front process, the upper-level trough deepened according with the height decreased. For Mongolia cyclone process, there was cut off low appeared at low level (850 hPa) and middle level (500 hPa) of troposphere. The upper level frontal zone in the cold front process appeared more southern than that in the Mongolia cyclone process. Further more, it also expanded southward much more. Similarly, the dust storm weather areas in the cold front process appeared more southern than that in the Mongolia cyclone process. And it expanded southeastwards mainly. The difference of central pressure between the surface high and low in the cold front process larger than in the Mongolia cyclone process. The anti-correlation between surface wind speed and surface visibility in the cold front process is higher than in the Mongolia cyclone process. The post-frontal temperature in the cold front process decreased more evidently than in the Mongolia cyclone process. The maximal values of ascending motion behind and before the cold front in the cold front process were at 700 hPa and 600 hPa, respectively. In the Mongolia cyclone process it expanded from surface to 300 hPa nearby the cyclone region. In the cold front process, the positive vorticity near the cold front increased according with the height increased. In the Mongolia cyclone process, the positive vorticity was located at the cyclone areas. Finally, the weather conceptual models of cold-front and Mongolia cyclone dust storm were summarized.