Based on the MODIS-NPP data and the linear trend method, vegetation carbon fixation/oxygen release values assessment model, ESDA (Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis) method, we analyzed the NPP change, values of fixing carbon and releasing oxygen, and the influence factors in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Region during 2000-2012. (1)From 2000 to 2012, the NPP's growth in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Region showed periodic growth trend, and there were two sustained growth periods, and the annual growth rate was 4.3%. (2)The NPP in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Region was affected by hydrothermal pattern obviously, overall the NPP was higher in northwest than in southeast, and the agglomeration level appeared downward trend during the study period. It was related to the implementation of returning farmland to forest/grassland project in 1999-2003. (3)The growth trend of NPP was affected by human activity and climate factors. Among them, human activity was the main driver, in particular, the implementation of the returning farmland to forest/grassland project. (4)In the background of ecological restoration, the vegetation carbon fixation was cumulatively increased by 1.06×10⁷ t and the oxygen released cumulatively increased by 2.7×10⁷ t in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Region, so the returning farmland to forest/grassland project created ecological benefits significantly.