Sandy land change from 1980 to 2015 in Alxa League， China and its driving factors

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00074

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 82-90.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00074

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Sandy land change from 1980 to 2015 in Alxa League， China and its driving factors

Yabin Chang¹(), Rui Zhu¹(), Shengchun Xiao², Yapei Li¹

^1.Faculty of Geomatics / National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technologies and Applications for National Geographic State Monitoring / Gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for National Geographic State Monitoring，Lanzhou Jiaotong University，Lanzhou 730000，China
^2.Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin，Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Lanzhou 730000，China

Received:2020-03-19 Revised:2020-07-07 Online:2020-12-09 Published:2020-12-09
Contact: Rui Zhu

Abstract

Abstract:

Land desertification is an important eco-environment problem in arid and semi-arid regions. It is the basis of preventing and controlling land desertification to explore the influencing factors of land desertification and clarify its driving mechanism. In this paper， we assessed spatial distribution characteristics of sandy land by analysis of land use change from 1980 to 2015 in the Alxa League， and analyzed the natural and human driving factors of sandy land distribution by Geodetector， and explored the interaction between the driving factors， and quantitatively described the degree of the driving factors influence on the sand distribution in the Alxa League. At the same time， the influence of driving factors on sandy land transformation in Alxa League from 2000 to 2015 was detected. The results show that：（1） The sandy land first increased before 2000 and then decreased. （2） The influence of natural factors affecting the spatial distribution of sandy land are greater than human factors， and the independent influence of each driving factor is less than the interaction between the two factors. （3） The area with desertification probability greater than 50% was desertification risk area. （4） From 2000 to 2015， the single factor influence of the driving factors of the transformation of sandy land was slightly dominated by human factors， but the transformation of sandy land was the result of the joint action of human and natural factors.

Key words: sandy land, driving factor, GeoDetector, Alxa League, land use change

CLC Number:

P931.3

Yabin Chang, Rui Zhu, Shengchun Xiao, Yapei Li. Sandy land change from 1980 to 2015 in Alxa League， China and its driving factors[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2020, 40(6): 82-90.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1 The sketch map of the Alxa League

Table 1 Driving factor and discretization method

类别	驱动因子	单位	描述	离散化方法	类型数量
自然因子	年均气温（X₁）	℃	由克里金插值得到	自然断点法	8
	年降水量（X₂）	mm	由克里金插值得到	自然断点法	8
	年平均风速（X₃）	m·s^-1	由克里金插值得到	自然断点法	8
	年日照时间（X₄）	h	由克里金插值得到	自然断点法	8
	距水域的距离（X₅）	km	由水域矢量数据进行欧式距离分析得到	自然断点法	8
	土壤类型（X₆）	—	包括半淋溶土、钙层土、干旱土、漠土、初育土、半水成土、水成土、盐碱土、人为土、高山土、湖泊、河流、盐场/养殖场等	按类型	13
	海拔（X₇）	m	由1 km分辨率DEM数据提取	自然断点法	8
	NDVI （X₈）	—	由NOAA-NDVI3G数据集提取	自然断点法	10
	土壤湿度（X₉）	m³·m^-3	由ESA-CCI土壤湿度数据集提取	自然断点法	10
人为因子	人口密度（X₁₀）	人·km^-2	1 km网格的人口空间分布数据	几何间隔法	4

Table 2 The judgment basis of influence degree of interaction between two driving factors

判断依据	交互作用
$q (X 1 ? X 2) < m i n (q (X 1), q (X 2))$	非线性减弱
$m i n (q (X 1), (X 2)) < q (X 1 ? X 2) < m a x (q (X 1), (X 2))$	单因子非线性减弱
$q (X 1 ? X 2) > m a x (q (X 1), q (X 2))$	双因子增强
$q (X 1 ? X 2) = q (X 1) + q (X 2)$	独立
$q (X 1 ? X 2) > q (X 1) + q (X 2)$	非线性增强

Table 2 The judgment basis of influence degree of interaction between two driving factors

判断依据	交互作用
$q (X 1 ? X 2) < m i n (q (X 1), q (X 2))$	非线性减弱
$m i n (q (X 1), (X 2)) < q (X 1 ? X 2) < m a x (q (X 1), (X 2))$	单因子非线性减弱
$q (X 1 ? X 2) > m a x (q (X 1), q (X 2))$	双因子增强
$q (X 1 ? X 2) = q (X 1) + q (X 2)$	独立
$q (X 1 ? X 2) > q (X 1) + q (X 2)$	非线性增强

Table 3 Sandy land dynamic change of the Alxa League from 1980 to 2015

土地利用类型	1980年		2000年		2015年
土地利用类型	面积/km²	比例/%	面积/km²	比例/%	面积/km²	比例/%
耕地	314	0.13	385	0.16	460	0.19
林地	1 429	0.60	1 410	0.59	1 339	0.56
草地	27 116	11.32	25 453	10.62	25 890	10.80
水域	811	0.34	686	0.29	793	0.33
建设用地	109	0.05	127	0.05	390	0.16
沙地	97 593	40.72	98 083	40.93	97 753	40.79
未利用地	112 274	46.85	113 502	47.36	113 021	47.16

Fig.2 Sandy land dynamic change of the Alxa League from 1980 to 2000

Table 4 Transfer matrix of land use types of the Alxa League from 1980 to 2000

	耕地	林地	草地	水域	建设用地	沙地	未利用地	1980年总计
耕地	306	0	2	0	3	0	3	314
林地	0	1 388	12	0	0	0	29	1429
草地	61	16	25 324	1	11	353	1 350	27116
水域	7	6	38	673	4	17	66	811
建设用地	0	0	0	0	109	0	0	109
沙地	4	0	2	0	0	97 563	24	97 593
未利用地	7	0	75	12	0	150	112 030	112 274
2000年总计	385	1 410	25 453	686	127	98 083	113 502	239 646

Fig.3 Sandy land dynamic change of the Alxa League from 2000 to 2015

Table 5 Transfer matrix of land use types of the Alxa League from 2000 to 2015

	耕地	林地	草地	水域	建设用地	沙地	未利用地	2000年总计
耕地	231	4	30	5	10	26	79	385
林地	11	1 011	204	14	9	72	89	1 410
草地	44	166	22 010	67	67	1 253	1 846	25 453
水域	1	0	48	526	0	48	63	686
建设用地	5	1	14	1	65	13	28	127
沙地	52	39	1 409	80	37	93 479	2 987	98 083
未利用地	116	118	2 175	100	202	2 862	107 929	113 502
2015年总计	460	1 339	25 890	793	390	97 753	113 021	239 646

Table 6 qD,U values of the influence degree of driving factors on the distribution of sandy land in the Alxa League in 2015

	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈	X₉	X₁₀
$q D, U$	0.1117	0.0804	0.0469	0.1787	0.0726	0.0999	0.0570	0.1809	0.1713	0.0049
P	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Table 6 qD,U values of the influence degree of driving factors on the distribution of sandy land in the Alxa League in 2015

	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈	X₉	X₁₀
$q D, U$	0.1117	0.0804	0.0469	0.1787	0.0726	0.0999	0.0570	0.1809	0.1713	0.0049
P	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Fig.4 Changes in qD,U??values of sandy land driving factor in the Alxa League from 1980 to 2015

Table 7 Results of interaction of driving factors of land desertification in the Alxa League in 2015

	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈	X₉	X₁₀
X₁	0.1117
X₂	0.2617	0.0804
X₃	0.2065	0.1357	0.0469
X₄	0.3015	0.3038	0.2724	0.1787
X₅	0.2248	0.2204	0.1902	0.3023	0.0726
X₆	0.2148	0.1565	0.1543	0.2791	0.1818	0.0999
X₇	0.1552	0.1238	0.1031	0.1958	0.1269	0.1416	0.0570
X₈	0.2925	0.2604	0.2581	0.2811	0.2368	0.2655	0.2071	0.1809
X₉	0.3107	0.2615	0.2369	0.3015	0.2799	0.2772	0.2120	0.2937	0.1713
X₁₀	0.1462	0.1226	0.1190	0.2654	0.0832	0.1062	0.0757	0.2220	0.2410	0.0049

Table 8 Sandy land distribution risk area of the Alxa League from 1980 to 2015

驱动因子	1980年	1990年	2000年	2010年	2015年
年均气温（X₁）/℃	8.25~8.65	8.6~8.82	8.96~9.28	9.05~9.58	10.04~10.18
年降水量（X₂）/mm	67.28~92.09， 102.16~130.45	88.84~106.47， 147.88~172.41	119~135.6	125.06~143.69	108.27~122.58
年平均风速（X₃）/（m·s^-1）	2.97~3.45	2.5~2.93	2.7~3.24	2.56~3.34	2.31~2.57
年日照时间（X₄）/h	3263.4~3379.5	2948.8~3111， 3173~3226.6	3063~3174	2907~3006， 3059~3163	3160~3410.9
距水域的距离（X₅）/km	0~34.7	0~34.7	0~34.7	0~34.7	0~34.7
土壤类型（X₆）	初育土、水成土、人为土、河流、盐场/养殖场	初育土、水成土、盐场/养殖场	初育土、水成土、人为土、河流、盐场/养殖场	初育土、水成土、人为土、河流、盐场/养殖场	初育土、水成土、盐碱土、河流、盐场/养殖场
海拔（X₇）/m	733~1127	733~1127	733~1127	733~1127	733~1127
NDVI（X₈）	0.079~0.102	0.078~0.102	0.079~0.102	0.08~0.108	0.082~0.109
土壤湿度（X₉）/（m³·m^-3）	0.108~0.236	0.122~0.22	0.133~0.215	0.16~0.212	0.166~0.189， 0.199~0.231
人口密度（X₁₀）/（人·km^-2）	0.117~1.96	0.117~1.96	0.135~2.27	0.136~6.47	0.241~3.96

Table 9 qD,U value of driving factors influencing the degree of sandy land change in the Alxa League from 2000 to 2015

	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈	X₉	X₁₀
$q D, U$	0.0065	0.0104	0.0046	0.0038	0.0056	0.0195	0.0065	0.0126	0.0166	0.0290
P	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

Table 9 qD,U value of driving factors influencing the degree of sandy land change in the Alxa League from 2000 to 2015

	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈	X₉	X₁₀
$q D, U$	0.0065	0.0104	0.0046	0.0038	0.0056	0.0195	0.0065	0.0126	0.0166	0.0290
P	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

Table 10 The influence of Interaction of driving factors of sandy land change in the Alxa League from 2000 to 2015

	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈	X₉	X₁₀
X₁	0.0065
X₂	0.0251	0.0104
X₃	0.0144	0.0272	0.0046
X₄	0.0101	0.0237	0.0072	0.0038
X₅	0.0319	0.0252	0.0305	0.0234	0.0056
X₆	0.0313	0.0279	0.0280	0.0338	0.0308	0.0195
X₇	0.0066	0.0251	0.0144	0.0101	0.0319	0.0313	0.0065
X₈	0.0238	0.0206	0.0230	0.0199	0.0258	0.0296	0.0238	0.0126
X₉	0.0257	0.0236	0.0251	0.0226	0.0268	0.0319	0.0257	0.0281	0.0166
X₁₀	0.0455	0.0357	0.0386	0.0388	0.0506	0.0464	0.0455	0.0408	0.0389	0.0290

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Sandy land change from 1980 to 2015 in Alxa League， China and its driving factors

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