Composition of geochemical elements and its implications for long-ridge yardang in the northwestern Qaidam Basin， China

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2021.00034

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 127-136.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2021.00034

Composition of geochemical elements and its implications for long-ridge yardang in the northwestern Qaidam Basin， China

Xuemin Gao¹(), Xin Qu², Meng Wang², Siyue Zhang², Yaoyao Zhang², Jiyan Li²()

^1.Department of Tourism Management，Jinzhong University，Jinzhong 030619，Shanxi，China
^2.School of Geography Science，Taiyuan Normal University，Jinzhong 030619，Shanxi，China

Received:2021-02-08 Revised:2021-03-22 Online:2021-05-26 Published:2021-05-26
Contact: Jiyan Li

Abstract

Abstract:

Yardangs are enigmatic landforms， whose formation and evolution processes are still not fully understood. Yardang strata bear abundant information on the change of regional environment and provenance for the development of yardangs. This paper selected the long-ridge yardang in the northwestern Qaidam Basin as research object， and investigated the chemical weathering of yardang strata and their implications for the transportation of sand-sized grains in the Qaidam Basin by analyzing the composition of geochemical elements. The results indicated that the major elements were dominated by SiO₂， CaO， Al₂O₃， MgO and Na₂O， while the contents of Cl， Sr， Ba and Zr were in dominant for the trace elements in yardang sediments. Compared to the average content of chemical elements for the upper continental crust， the enrichment of major elements such as CaO and MgO， and trace elements such as Cl and As was in a high degree. The mean value of CIA was 39.03 for long-ridge yardang sediments， and they quasi were parallel to the A-CN line and behind the connecting line between plagioclase and potassium feldspar in the A-CN-K tertiary diagram， which indicated that the chemical weathering of long-ridge yardang sediments in the Qaidam Basin was in the early stage of losing Na and Ca. Ratios of characteristic elements demonstrated that the abundant fine-grained particles in the yardang bodies were the source of drift sands in the yardang corridors. These drift sands were exposed by the weathering and erosion of exogenic agents and accumulated in the yardang corridors. And they can developed into sand dunes when they blocked by obstacles during their transportation in the downwind direction. However， as to whether the yardangs were the source of downwind loess still need further investigation.

Key words: yardang, chemical weathering, geochemical element, Qaidam Basin

CLC Number:

P931.3

Xuemin Gao, Xin Qu, Meng Wang, Siyue Zhang, Yaoyao Zhang, Jiyan Li. Composition of geochemical elements and its implications for long-ridge yardang in the northwestern Qaidam Basin， China[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2021, 41(3): 127-136.

Figures/Tables 8

References 42

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样品	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	TiO₂	MnO	CIA
表层	14.01	5.61	1.56	11.20	14.28	5.51	0.56	0.06	0.18	0.04	23.06
0—10 cm	21.04	7.56	1.51	10.49	7.04	12.35	1.28	0.08	0.22	0.04	17.97
20—30 cm	23.95	8.00	1.65	9.95	6.57	14.28	0.99	0.07	0.21	0.03	17.97
30—220 cm	28.25	8.64	1.21	6.48	5.41	16.29	0.84	0.07	0.20	0.04	18.71
220—260 cm	39.87	11.80	3.92	8.56	8.50	3.14	1.88	0.13	0.47	0.08	48.82
260—300 cm	51.05	11.89	4.25	3.71	9.55	2.41	2.42	0.14	0.57	0.08	52.97
300—315 cm	34.28	8.26	3.65	2.71	23.87	2.07	1.60	0.10	0.43	0.07	49.20
315—325 cm	45.63	11.44	2.42	3.07	10.71	6.48	1.79	0.10	0.35	0.07	32.97
325—350 cm	38.91	11.46	3.21	4.27	12.35	4.55	2.06	0.10	0.39	0.07	39.96
350—357 cm	45.69	13.15	3.11	4.35	11.44	3.25	2.30	0.10	0.39	0.09	49.95
357—395 cm	43.11	13.44	4.54	4.26	11.58	2.76	2.87	0.10	0.53	0.08	52.47
395—465 cm	41.30	13.10	1.53	9.05	7.65	4.58	1.98	0.08	0.17	0.06	43.22
465—550 cm	39.67	12.81	4.17	9.00	8.17	2.67	2.03	0.11	0.46	0.07	53.86
550—600 cm	33.79	10.10	1.48	2.20	25.51	3.27	1.35	0.06	0.32	0.04	45.29
廊道流沙	55.52	9.78	2.31	1.98	8.18	3.86	1.93	0.10	0.53	0.06	39.78
戈壁	69.88	6.49	1.82	0.87	4.51	2.97	1.36	0.10	0.35	0.05	36.57
线形沙丘	73.09	7.78	1.74	0.96	4.36	3.49	1.72	0.07	0.35	0.04	36.83
九州台黄土	53.71	11.26	4.39	2.36	9.56	1.57	2.37	0.16	0.62	0.08	59.29
UCC	65.89	15.17	5.00	2.20	4.19	3.89	3.39	0.20	0.50	0.06	47.95
PAAS	62.80	18.90	7.22	2.20	1.30	1.20	3.70	0.16	1.00	0.11	70.38

样品	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	TiO₂	MnO	CIA
表层	14.01	5.61	1.56	11.20	14.28	5.51	0.56	0.06	0.18	0.04	23.06
0—10 cm	21.04	7.56	1.51	10.49	7.04	12.35	1.28	0.08	0.22	0.04	17.97
20—30 cm	23.95	8.00	1.65	9.95	6.57	14.28	0.99	0.07	0.21	0.03	17.97
30—220 cm	28.25	8.64	1.21	6.48	5.41	16.29	0.84	0.07	0.20	0.04	18.71
220—260 cm	39.87	11.80	3.92	8.56	8.50	3.14	1.88	0.13	0.47	0.08	48.82
260—300 cm	51.05	11.89	4.25	3.71	9.55	2.41	2.42	0.14	0.57	0.08	52.97
300—315 cm	34.28	8.26	3.65	2.71	23.87	2.07	1.60	0.10	0.43	0.07	49.20
315—325 cm	45.63	11.44	2.42	3.07	10.71	6.48	1.79	0.10	0.35	0.07	32.97
325—350 cm	38.91	11.46	3.21	4.27	12.35	4.55	2.06	0.10	0.39	0.07	39.96
350—357 cm	45.69	13.15	3.11	4.35	11.44	3.25	2.30	0.10	0.39	0.09	49.95
357—395 cm	43.11	13.44	4.54	4.26	11.58	2.76	2.87	0.10	0.53	0.08	52.47
395—465 cm	41.30	13.10	1.53	9.05	7.65	4.58	1.98	0.08	0.17	0.06	43.22
465—550 cm	39.67	12.81	4.17	9.00	8.17	2.67	2.03	0.11	0.46	0.07	53.86
550—600 cm	33.79	10.10	1.48	2.20	25.51	3.27	1.35	0.06	0.32	0.04	45.29
廊道流沙	55.52	9.78	2.31	1.98	8.18	3.86	1.93	0.10	0.53	0.06	39.78
戈壁	69.88	6.49	1.82	0.87	4.51	2.97	1.36	0.10	0.35	0.05	36.57
线形沙丘	73.09	7.78	1.74	0.96	4.36	3.49	1.72	0.07	0.35	0.04	36.83
九州台黄土	53.71	11.26	4.39	2.36	9.56	1.57	2.37	0.16	0.62	0.08	59.29
UCC	65.89	15.17	5.00	2.20	4.19	3.89	3.39	0.20	0.50	0.06	47.95
PAAS	62.80	18.90	7.22	2.20	1.30	1.20	3.70	0.16	1.00	0.11	70.38

样品	Cl	V	Cr	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	Ga	As	Br	Rb	Sr	Y	Zr	Nb	Ba	La	Ce	Nd	Pb
表层	29 328.4	26.2	22.9	3.4	9.7	11.1	18.8	5.6	3.5	1.0	26.7	1 161.0	7.1	87.9	4.3	701.9	22.5	/	11.0	12.5
0—10 cm	101 538.5	24.0	16.1	3.1	9.7	13.6	12.5	6.7	9.1	0.6	41.2	710.0	10.1	153.0	5.7	722.4	21.0	/	12.2	10.5
20—30 cm	102 665.7	27.5	23.8	2.8	15.1	12.7	15.9	8.5	13.5	11.3	49.9	435.6	9.8	113.8	5.8	421.4	20.4	/	7.0	5.7
30—220 cm	124 410.5	20.2	13.3	3.5	8.4	12.0	/	6.4	8.5	4.8	42.1	967.9	8.4	174.3	4.6	497.5	23.7	/	11.4	14.0
220—260 cm	14 816.8	64.2	57.4	6.4	28.2	25.8	42.6	13.6	3.4	8.6	82.4	280.3	19.4	165.6	11.8	499.6	36.0	/	15.5	12.9
260—300 cm	7 959.7	75.8	64.1	9.5	36.7	21.4	44.1	16.0	8.4	10.0	94.3	288.7	22.5	180.8	13.8	592.6	41.1	73.5	25.3	13.9
300—315 cm	4 880.3	57.5	48.2	8.4	30.2	22.9	35.4	10.3	12.9	5.6	52.5	1 476.2	15.5	218.4	10.1	597.4	31.3	25.7	25.5	19.5
315—325 cm	37 064.9	48.4	35.1	5.6	21.5	23.6	19.9	12.2	5.5	3.2	69.8	1 034.4	13.2	168.2	6.6	1 078.3	37.2	16.0	20.6	17.8
325—350 cm	29 038.1	62.5	51.6	6.6	32.0	48.1	40.2	12.9	7.7	7.2	82.5	930.7	14.7	151.3	8.7	689.8	29.3	/	22.9	15.9
350—357 cm	19 929.8	62.3	44.7	7.1	29.5	34.2	33.7	14.0	6.5	9.0	82.9	1 345.0	13.6	128.2	6.6	922.9	26.5	46.0	25.7	16.5
357—395 cm	11 999.0	90.3	78.1	9.9	42.5	31.9	71.9	18.2	9.0	3.4	113.8	753.6	19.7	164.7	12.2	567.7	36.7	59.6	29.0	18.5
395—465 cm	26 549.7	24.7	15.7	4.1	10.8	16.6	3.5	9.7	16.7	9.6	76.8	1 062.9	7.0	86.2	3.1	748.3	39.8	/	14.7	16.4
465—550 cm	9 992.2	67.7	61.7	6.9	29.3	22.6	45.7	14.0	9.8	3.2	85.9	503.5	18.8	214.9	11.2	653.9	45.9	/	24.3	15.4
550—600 cm	7 091.4	36.8	24.2	4.9	12.9	17.3	8.6	8.6	28.2	1.8	26.1	3 881.0	5.9	135.7	/	3 314.5	56.3	/	33.9	37.1
廊道流沙	5 043.9	46.3	26.9	49.7	16.1	10.8	10.8	12.4	5.5	/	82.9	536.3	19.5	263.8	11.9	643.3	27.5	42.7	18.3	14.3
UCC	640	107	85	17	44	25	71	17	1.5	1.6	112	350	22	190	12	550	30	64	26	17

样品	Cl	V	Cr	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	Ga	As	Br	Rb	Sr	Y	Zr	Nb	Ba	La	Ce	Nd	Pb
表层	29 328.4	26.2	22.9	3.4	9.7	11.1	18.8	5.6	3.5	1.0	26.7	1 161.0	7.1	87.9	4.3	701.9	22.5	/	11.0	12.5
0—10 cm	101 538.5	24.0	16.1	3.1	9.7	13.6	12.5	6.7	9.1	0.6	41.2	710.0	10.1	153.0	5.7	722.4	21.0	/	12.2	10.5
20—30 cm	102 665.7	27.5	23.8	2.8	15.1	12.7	15.9	8.5	13.5	11.3	49.9	435.6	9.8	113.8	5.8	421.4	20.4	/	7.0	5.7
30—220 cm	124 410.5	20.2	13.3	3.5	8.4	12.0	/	6.4	8.5	4.8	42.1	967.9	8.4	174.3	4.6	497.5	23.7	/	11.4	14.0
220—260 cm	14 816.8	64.2	57.4	6.4	28.2	25.8	42.6	13.6	3.4	8.6	82.4	280.3	19.4	165.6	11.8	499.6	36.0	/	15.5	12.9
260—300 cm	7 959.7	75.8	64.1	9.5	36.7	21.4	44.1	16.0	8.4	10.0	94.3	288.7	22.5	180.8	13.8	592.6	41.1	73.5	25.3	13.9
300—315 cm	4 880.3	57.5	48.2	8.4	30.2	22.9	35.4	10.3	12.9	5.6	52.5	1 476.2	15.5	218.4	10.1	597.4	31.3	25.7	25.5	19.5
315—325 cm	37 064.9	48.4	35.1	5.6	21.5	23.6	19.9	12.2	5.5	3.2	69.8	1 034.4	13.2	168.2	6.6	1 078.3	37.2	16.0	20.6	17.8
325—350 cm	29 038.1	62.5	51.6	6.6	32.0	48.1	40.2	12.9	7.7	7.2	82.5	930.7	14.7	151.3	8.7	689.8	29.3	/	22.9	15.9
350—357 cm	19 929.8	62.3	44.7	7.1	29.5	34.2	33.7	14.0	6.5	9.0	82.9	1 345.0	13.6	128.2	6.6	922.9	26.5	46.0	25.7	16.5
357—395 cm	11 999.0	90.3	78.1	9.9	42.5	31.9	71.9	18.2	9.0	3.4	113.8	753.6	19.7	164.7	12.2	567.7	36.7	59.6	29.0	18.5
395—465 cm	26 549.7	24.7	15.7	4.1	10.8	16.6	3.5	9.7	16.7	9.6	76.8	1 062.9	7.0	86.2	3.1	748.3	39.8	/	14.7	16.4
465—550 cm	9 992.2	67.7	61.7	6.9	29.3	22.6	45.7	14.0	9.8	3.2	85.9	503.5	18.8	214.9	11.2	653.9	45.9	/	24.3	15.4
550—600 cm	7 091.4	36.8	24.2	4.9	12.9	17.3	8.6	8.6	28.2	1.8	26.1	3 881.0	5.9	135.7	/	3 314.5	56.3	/	33.9	37.1
廊道流沙	5 043.9	46.3	26.9	49.7	16.1	10.8	10.8	12.4	5.5	/	82.9	536.3	19.5	263.8	11.9	643.3	27.5	42.7	18.3	14.3
UCC	640	107	85	17	44	25	71	17	1.5	1.6	112	350	22	190	12	550	30	64	26	17

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Composition of geochemical elements and its implications for long-ridge yardang in the northwestern Qaidam Basin， China

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