Chemical weathering characteristics as revealed by the <10 μm particle fraction in surface soils of the Northeastern China Sandy Lands

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2026.00015

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 323-335.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2026.00015

Chemical weathering characteristics as revealed by the <10 μm particle fraction in surface soils of the Northeastern China Sandy Lands

Wenxin Qu¹(), Yanru Wang¹^,²(), Yuanyun Xie¹^,², Lei Sun¹^,², Haijin Liu¹, Zhenyu Wei¹, Yehui Wang¹, Haodong Qi¹, Peng Wu³, Yan Zhang⁴

^1.College of Geographic Science /, Harbin Normal University，Harbin 150025，China
^2.Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University，Harbin 150025，China
^3.School of Earth Sciences and Spatial Information Engineering，Hunan University of Science and Technology，Xiangtan 411201，Hunan，China
^4.The Second Institute of Geographic Information Cartography，Ministry of Natural Resources，Harbin 150081，China

Received:2025-11-24 Revised:2026-01-19 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-04-13
Contact: Yanru Wang

Abstract

Abstract:

Chemical weathering serves as a critical component in the surface elemental cycle， faithfully recording information on climatic and environmental evolution. This study conducted elemental geochemical analyses on the <10 μm particle-size fraction of surface soils from the Hunshandake Sandy Land， Horqin Sandy Land， and Songnen Sandy Land. The objectives were to investigate the degree of chemical weathering， reveal the spatial distribution patterns of chemical weathering intensity， identify the main controlling factors， and explore the potential for quantitatively reconstructing paleoclimate using geochemical indicators. The results indicate that the sandy lands of Northeastern China are generally in the initial stage of chemical weathering， with significant spatial heterogeneity in weathering intensity observed across the three regions. In the Hunshandake and Songnen Sandy Lands， chemical weathering is primarily controlled by mean annual precipitation. Based on indicators such as α^AlMg and α^AlSr， quantitative climate transfer functions were successfully established. In contrast， the weathering process in the Horqin Sandy Land is jointly driven by multiple climatic factors， including precipitation and temperature， with no single dominant factor， which prevents the development of an effective single-indicator climate function. This study confirms that in sandy lands where the climate-driven pattern is relatively simple， geochemical indicators of the <10 μm fraction can serve as effective paleoclimate proxies. This provides a crucial basis for deepening the understanding of surface processes in the region and for conducting quantitative paleoenvironmental reconstructions.

Key words: Northeastern China Sandy Lands, elemental geochemistry, climate transfer function, chemical weathering

CLC Number:

P531

Wenxin Qu, Yanru Wang, Yuanyun Xie, Lei Sun, Haijin Liu, Zhenyu Wei, Yehui Wang, Haodong Qi, Peng Wu, Yan Zhang. Chemical weathering characteristics as revealed by the <10 μm particle fraction in surface soils of the Northeastern China Sandy Lands[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2026, 46(2): 323-335.

Figures/Tables 10

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样品编号	CIA	CIW	WIP	样品编号	CIA	CIW	WIP
OD8(<63)	49.40	56.48	57.81	OD8(<10)	50.89	57.51	54.86
OD9(<63)	53.08	61.79	56.95	OD9(<10)	54.32	62.47	54.41
OD12(<63)	55.47	64.00	51.93	OD12(<10)	56.57	64.57	49.07
OD15(<63)	50.71	57.70	52.51	OD15(<10)	53.38	60.56	52.52
OD16(<63)	55.92	63.86	50.85	OD16(<10)	56.93	64.65	50.18
OD17(<63)	52.26	59.20	51.15	OD17(<10)	53.95	60.85	50.68
OD18(<63)	51.93	58.64	41.16	OD18(<10)	53.34	59.96	33.77
OD19(<63)	50.92	58.50	52.34	OD19(<10)	52.71	59.93	50.17
OD20(<63)	50.54	57.46	50.73	OD20(<10)	52.82	59.64	44.01
HQ1(<63)	49.22	57.19	56.89	HQ1(<10)	51.39	58.62	53.82
HQ2(<63)	52.91	62.43	56.99	HQ2(<10)	53.02	61.18	56.14
HQ12(<63)	52.79	62.11	57.02	HQ12(<10)	53.28	61.36	54.47
HQ13(<63)	53.39	62.30	55.66	HQ13(<10)	53.40	61.17	53.42
HQ15(<63)	53.58	62.98	56.60	HQ15(<10)	53.73	61.77	54.23
HQ16(<63)	52.66	62.63	57.50	HQ16(<10)	52.35	60.40	54.68
HQ17(<63)	53.79	63.15	55.72	HQ17(<10)	53.60	61.70	54.52
HQ18(<63)	53.50	62.50	55.74	HQ18(<10)	53.82	61.73	53.69
HQ22(<63)	52.44	62.59	57.86	HQ22(<10)	51.94	60.24	55.53
SN3(<63)	49.00	56.09	61.94	SN3(<10)	50.83	57.49	55.99
SN4(<63)	53.24	60.48	55.56	SN4(<10)	55.88	62.83	49.18
SN5(<63)	51.41	58.72	57.64	SN5(<10)	54.19	61.27	51.94
SN6(<63)	49.41	56.47	59.11	SN6(<10)	50.94	57.48	54.85
SN9(<63)	51.08	58.20	59.14	SN9(<10)	53.09	60.00	54.75
SN11(<63)	53.75	62.16	60.90	SN11(<10)	54.05	61.95	60.06
SN12(<63)	55.27	63.62	57.55	SN12(<10)	54.95	62.36	47.72
SN13(<63)	54.52	63.10	58.47	SN13(<10)	54.67	62.36	56.82
SN15(<63)	53.82	61.25	55.31	SN15(<10)	53.39	60.18	55.45

样品编号	CIA	CIW	WIP	样品编号	CIA	CIW	WIP
OD8(<63)	49.40	56.48	57.81	OD8(<10)	50.89	57.51	54.86
OD9(<63)	53.08	61.79	56.95	OD9(<10)	54.32	62.47	54.41
OD12(<63)	55.47	64.00	51.93	OD12(<10)	56.57	64.57	49.07
OD15(<63)	50.71	57.70	52.51	OD15(<10)	53.38	60.56	52.52
OD16(<63)	55.92	63.86	50.85	OD16(<10)	56.93	64.65	50.18
OD17(<63)	52.26	59.20	51.15	OD17(<10)	53.95	60.85	50.68
OD18(<63)	51.93	58.64	41.16	OD18(<10)	53.34	59.96	33.77
OD19(<63)	50.92	58.50	52.34	OD19(<10)	52.71	59.93	50.17
OD20(<63)	50.54	57.46	50.73	OD20(<10)	52.82	59.64	44.01
HQ1(<63)	49.22	57.19	56.89	HQ1(<10)	51.39	58.62	53.82
HQ2(<63)	52.91	62.43	56.99	HQ2(<10)	53.02	61.18	56.14
HQ12(<63)	52.79	62.11	57.02	HQ12(<10)	53.28	61.36	54.47
HQ13(<63)	53.39	62.30	55.66	HQ13(<10)	53.40	61.17	53.42
HQ15(<63)	53.58	62.98	56.60	HQ15(<10)	53.73	61.77	54.23
HQ16(<63)	52.66	62.63	57.50	HQ16(<10)	52.35	60.40	54.68
HQ17(<63)	53.79	63.15	55.72	HQ17(<10)	53.60	61.70	54.52
HQ18(<63)	53.50	62.50	55.74	HQ18(<10)	53.82	61.73	53.69
HQ22(<63)	52.44	62.59	57.86	HQ22(<10)	51.94	60.24	55.53
SN3(<63)	49.00	56.09	61.94	SN3(<10)	50.83	57.49	55.99
SN4(<63)	53.24	60.48	55.56	SN4(<10)	55.88	62.83	49.18
SN5(<63)	51.41	58.72	57.64	SN5(<10)	54.19	61.27	51.94
SN6(<63)	49.41	56.47	59.11	SN6(<10)	50.94	57.48	54.85
SN9(<63)	51.08	58.20	59.14	SN9(<10)	53.09	60.00	54.75
SN11(<63)	53.75	62.16	60.90	SN11(<10)	54.05	61.95	60.06
SN12(<63)	55.27	63.62	57.55	SN12(<10)	54.95	62.36	47.72
SN13(<63)	54.52	63.10	58.47	SN13(<10)	54.67	62.36	56.82
SN15(<63)	53.82	61.25	55.31	SN15(<10)	53.39	60.18	55.45

化学指标	浑善达克沙地	科尔沁沙地			松嫩沙地
化学指标	浑善达克沙地	西部	中部	东部	松嫩沙地
Mg/Al	-0.77^**	-0.66	-0.05	-0.56	0.33^*
Na/K	0.21	-0.76^*	0.11	-0.03	-0.32^*
Ca/Al	-0.66^**	-0.59	0.00	-0.70^*	-0.14
Rb/Sr	0.58^**	0.58	-0.43	0.80^**	0.60^**
CIA	0.26	0.48	-0.16	0.70^*	0.48^**
CIW	0.38	0.54	-0.15	0.66^*	0.47^**
α^AlNa	-0.48^*	-0.04	-0.09	0.42	0.33^*
α^AlCa	0.71^**	0.51	-0.05	0.74^**	0.24
α^AlSr	0.64^**	0.73^*	-0.60	0.88^**	0.64^**
α^AlMg	0.81^**	0.62	0.08	0.41	-0.43^**
α^AlK	-0.58^**	-0.82^*	-0.02	0.68^*	0.32^*
α^AlRb	0.30	-0.22	-0.02	0.20	-0.04
ba₂	-0.78^**	-0.61	0.02	-0.67^*	0.01
ba₃	-0.67^**	-0.52	0.15	-0.87^**	-0.07

化学指标	浑善达克沙地	科尔沁沙地			松嫩沙地
化学指标	浑善达克沙地	西部	中部	东部	松嫩沙地
Mg/Al	-0.77^**	-0.66	-0.05	-0.56	0.33^*
Na/K	0.21	-0.76^*	0.11	-0.03	-0.32^*
Ca/Al	-0.66^**	-0.59	0.00	-0.70^*	-0.14
Rb/Sr	0.58^**	0.58	-0.43	0.80^**	0.60^**
CIA	0.26	0.48	-0.16	0.70^*	0.48^**
CIW	0.38	0.54	-0.15	0.66^*	0.47^**
α^AlNa	-0.48^*	-0.04	-0.09	0.42	0.33^*
α^AlCa	0.71^**	0.51	-0.05	0.74^**	0.24
α^AlSr	0.64^**	0.73^*	-0.60	0.88^**	0.64^**
α^AlMg	0.81^**	0.62	0.08	0.41	-0.43^**
α^AlK	-0.58^**	-0.82^*	-0.02	0.68^*	0.32^*
α^AlRb	0.30	-0.22	-0.02	0.20	-0.04
ba₂	-0.78^**	-0.61	0.02	-0.67^*	0.01
ba₃	-0.67^**	-0.52	0.15	-0.87^**	-0.07

化学指标	浑善达克沙地	科尔沁沙地			松嫩沙地
化学指标	浑善达克沙地	西部	中部	东部	松嫩沙地
Mg/Al	0.48^*	-0.61	0.72^*	0.33	0.48^**
Na/K	-0.25	-0.71^*	-0.18	0.01	-0.16
Ca/Al	0.32	-0.57	0.74^*	0.26	0.20
Rb/Sr	-0.16	0.62	0.18	-0.23	0.06
CIA	-0.69^**	0.50	-0.34	-0.11	0.04
CIW	-0.71^**	0.55	-0.53	-0.19	0.02
α^AlNa	0.15	0.04	0.59	0.20	0.18
α^AlCa	-0.73^**	0.54	-0.79^**	-0.40	-0.15
α^AlSr	-0.37	0.59	0.14	-0.17	0.01
α^AlMg	-0.53^*	0.60	-0.72^*	-0.51	-0.47^**
α^AlK	-0.11	-0.74^*	0.64^*	0.38	0.15
α^AlRb	-0.70^**	-0.48	-0.15	0.42	-0.18
ba₂	0.63^**	-0.59	0.82^**	0.43	0.38^*
ba₃	0.56^*	-0.52	0.32	0.18	0.44^**

Chemical weathering characteristics as revealed by the <10 μm particle fraction in surface soils of the Northeastern China Sandy Lands

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