Characteristics of aeolian sand activity intensity under different land-use types in a typical wind erosion region of Northeast China

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2026.00020

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 312-322.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2026.00020

Characteristics of aeolian sand activity intensity under different land-use types in a typical wind erosion region of Northeast China

Xinru Zhao¹(), Xueqing Han¹, Yushi Liang¹^,²(), Yu Zhang³, Dazhong Wang⁴, Qing Li⁵, Zhongling Guo⁶, Haiou Shen¹^,²

^1.College of Resources and Environment /, Jilin Agricultural University，Changchun 130118，China
^2.Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Jilin Agricultural University，Changchun 130118，China
^3.Jilin Province Water Resources Research Institute，Changchun 130022，China
^4.Institute of Soil and Water Conversation of Jilin Province，Changchun 130000，China
^5.Institute of Geographical Sciences / Hebei Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information Application，Hebei Academy of Sciences，Shijiazhuang 050021，China
^6.School of Geographical Sciences，Hebei Normal University，Shijiazhuang 050024，China

Received:2025-12-21 Revised:2026-02-08 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-04-13
Contact: Yushi Liang

Abstract

Abstract:

Soil wind erosion activities have become increasingly frequent in Northeast China， posing serious threats to agricultural production and ecological security. To reveal the characteristics of aeolian sand activity intensity in Northeast China， fixed-point observations were carried out during the spring tillage period on bare land， stubble farmland， and grassland in a typical wind erosion region of Northeast China. The characteristics of sand-driving winds， drift potential， and wind erosion force were systematically analyzed. The results showed that：（1） During the observation period， the mean wind speed at a height of 2 m was 2.89 m·s^-1， and wind speeds at different heights exhibited a fluctuating decreasing trend， with the prevailing wind direction being NW. （2） The mean sand-driving wind speeds on bare land， stubble farmland， and grassland were 6.33 m·s^-1， 7.04 m·s^-1， and 8.78 m·s^-1， respectively， while the corresponding sand-driving wind frequencies were 19.15%， 12.94%， and 4.39%. The sand-driving wind directions were mainly concentrated between E and NW. （3） During the observation period， the study area was characterized by a low wind energy environment. All three land-use types exhibited moderate directional variability， corresponding to a blunt bimodal wind regime， and the resultant drift direction was NE. Both drift potential and wind erosion force followed the order： bare land > stubble farmland > grassland. These results provide a scientific basis for the implementation of wind erosion control projects and the protection and sustainable utilization of land resources.

Key words: Northeast China, aeolian sand activity intensity, sand-driving wind, drift potential, wind erosion force

CLC Number:

P931.3

Xinru Zhao, Xueqing Han, Yushi Liang, Yu Zhang, Dazhong Wang, Qing Li, Zhongling Guo, Haiou Shen. Characteristics of aeolian sand activity intensity under different land-use types in a typical wind erosion region of Northeast China[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2026, 46(2): 312-322.

Figures/Tables 20

Fig.1 Geographical location of the study area in Tongyu County， Baicheng City， Jilin Province

Fig.2 Overview of bare land （A）， stubble-retention farmland （B）， grassland （C）

Fig.3 Gradient anemometer

Table 1 Average and maximum wind speeds at 2 m for of wind erosion events D1 and D2

风蚀事件	平均风速/（m·s^-1）	最大风速/（m·s^-1）
D1	5.3	14.9
D2	2.8	11.1

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of threshold wind velocity measuring instrument

Fig.5 Variation of wind speed （A） and wind direction （B）， and proportion （C） of wind direction at different heights during the observation period

Fig.6 Proportion of each wind speed interval at different heights

Fig.7 Fitted curves of wind speed profiles

Fig.8 Variation of wind speed profiles in different wind speed intervals for D1 （A） and D2 （B）（where uz=2 m denotes the average wind speed at 2 m height above the ground）

Table 2 Occurrence frequency of different wind speed intervals for D1 and D2

风蚀事件	风速区间/（m·s^-1）
风蚀事件	0~1	1~2	2~3	3~4	4~5	5~6	6~7	7~8	8~9	9~10	10~11	11~12	12~13	13~14
D1	80	181	111	119	121	110	107	109	128	190	101	46	19	12
D2	177	290	415	319	115	49	26	26	11	10	—	—	—	—

Fig.9 Average wind speed and frequency of sand-driving wind under three types of land use patterns

Fig.10 Diurnal variation of average wind speed and frequency of sand-driving wind under three types of land use patterns

Fig.11 Sand-driving wind rose diagrams for three land-use types （intervals are defined as ［a， b））

Fig.12 Drift potential rose diagrams under three types of land use patterns（intervals are defined as ［a， b））

Fig.13 Variation of wind erosion force under three types of land use patterns

Fig.14 Magnitude （A） and distribution proportion （B） of wind erosion force in different directions

Fig.15 Variation of wind speed profiles for D1 and D2 during four identical time intervals

Table 3 Variation of friction velocity and roughness length values for T1-T4 in D1 and D2

指标	D1-T1	D1-T2	D1-T3	D1-T4	D2-T1	D2-T2	D2-T3	D2-T4
$u *$	0.1411	0.1918	0.3660	0.4675	0.0991	0.1508	0.2102	0.2314
$z 0$	0.0311	0.0079	0.0009	0.0007	0.0199	0.0060	0.0026	0.0015

Table 3 Variation of friction velocity and roughness length values for T1-T4 in D1 and D2

指标	D1-T1	D1-T2	D1-T3	D1-T4	D2-T1	D2-T2	D2-T3	D2-T4
$u *$	0.1411	0.1918	0.3660	0.4675	0.0991	0.1508	0.2102	0.2314
$z 0$	0.0311	0.0079	0.0009	0.0007	0.0199	0.0060	0.0026	0.0015

Table 4 Fitting parameters of six probability density functions

概率密度函数	R²	MAE	RMSE	KS
Burr12	0.9931	0.0056	0.0072	0.0159
ExponWeib	0.9941	0.0051	0.0067	0.0130
Gamma	0.9923	0.0061	0.0076	0.0179
GenExtreme	0.9808	0.0086	0.0120	0.0268
Gumbel	0.9780	0.0107	0.0129	0.0219
Weibull	0.9878	0.0078	0.0096	0.0184

Fig.16 Fitted curves of six probability density functions for the empirical distribution of wind speed

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Characteristics of aeolian sand activity intensity under different land-use types in a typical wind erosion region of Northeast China

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