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Journal of Desert Research ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 358-370.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00194

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Characterization of the grain size and geochemical elements of Ulan Buh Desert sediments and their environmental significance

Junguang Wang1,2(), Zhibao Dong1(), Rongliang Liu1, Jiqiao Shi1   

  1. 1.School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710119,China
    2.College of Geography and Environmental Science,Hainan Normal University,Haikou 571158,China
  • Received:2025-06-02 Revised:2025-07-09 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-04-13
  • Contact: Zhibao Dong

Abstract:

The Ulan Buh Desert is a key source of aeolian sand and fluvial sediments delivered to the Yellow River in northern China. However, systematic studies on its sedimentological and geochemical characteristics remain limited compared to other Chinese deserts, particularly regarding grain-size distribution and elemental composition. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of sediment grain size, elemental geochemistry, and chemical weathering intensity in both surface and subsurface layers of the Ulan Buh Desert. Our results demonstrate that sediments are predominantly composed of fine to medium sand, with surface materials (mean grain size: 2.18 Φ) being coarser and better sorted than subsurface layers. This grain-size pattern is notably coarser than those of other Chinese deserts. The consistent grain-size distributions between surface and subsurface sediments suggest similar depositional mechanisms. Geochemically, the sediments are dominated by SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ among major elements, with Ba, Sr, Zr, Rb, and Co as characteristic trace elements. These compositional features reflect not only inherent source rock properties but also regional climatic controls and the input of fresh erosional materials. Chemical weathering indices (CIA, A-CN-K, and A-CNK-FM ternary diagrams) collectively indicate a cold, arid depositional environment with minimal chemical alteration, consistent with early-stage plagioclase weathering. This study establishes a theoretical framework for further investigations into sediment dynamics and geochemical processes in the Ulan Buh Desert, with implications for regional ecological management strategies.

Key words: grain size characteristics, elemental composition, weathering index, sedimentary environment, Ulan Buh Desert

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