The theory and practices of biological soil crust rehabilitation

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00093

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 164-173.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00093

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The theory and practices of biological soil crust rehabilitation

Xiaobing Zhou¹(), Bingchang Zhang², Yuanming Zhang¹()

^1.State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology，Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Urumqi 830011，China
^2.School of Geography Science，Shanxi Normal University，Linfen 041000，Shanxi，China

Received:2020-05-05 Revised:2020-09-03 Online:2021-01-20 Published:2021-01-29
Contact: Yuanming Zhang

Abstract

Abstract:

Biological soil crusts （BSCs） is a complex of microorganism， cyanobacteria， lichen and moss that occur on or within top few centimeters of the soil surface. BSCs usually distributes in the dryland regions， and is an organizing principle in drylands. As the pioneers occurred in the desert ecosystems， BSCs can improve the stability of sand surface， fix carbon and nitrogen， increase soil fertility， and maintain soil moisture. In addition， BSCs plays a crucial role in the restoration of degraded soil surface. This article introduced the biological mechanism to fix sand through the ecological relationships between species replacements and the changes in ways of sand grain binding. The local dominant species （such as Microcoleus vaginatus， Syntichia caninevis and Bryum argenteum） in the field are recommended for the BSCs rehabilitation. Mass cultivation can be attained via the steps from species isolation in the laboratory to factory production in greenhouse， thus proving abundant inoculum for field growth. We also explored the species composition， physical and chemical assistance models during the field inoculation， and suggested that we need assess the growth according to surface stability， soil nutrient and species diversity of artificial BSCs. Last， we introduced the developments in sand fixation though artificial BSCs in China， and the experiences and challenges of BSCs rehabilitation. Our reviews suggest that artificial BSCs rehabilitation is a prospecting option for the ecological restoration.

Key words: biological soil crusts, species composition, artificial mass cultivation, ecological restoration, desert area

CLC Number:

Q914.84

Xiaobing Zhou, Bingchang Zhang, Yuanming Zhang. The theory and practices of biological soil crust rehabilitation[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2021, 41(1): 164-173.

Figures/Tables 6

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结皮类型	地点	规模	结皮生长	评价	文献
藻类结皮	库布齐沙漠	约200 hm²	2—3年形成3—5 mm藻类结皮，盖度48.5%	结皮和植被得到较好恢复	[9,38,51]
	腾格里沙漠	2 m×2 m	5个月后，0.39 mm，盖度达14.3%，生物量13.4 mg·g^-1；盖度或先增后降，1年后13.8%	长期效应未知	[12,15]
	古尔班通古特沙漠	2 m×5 m	15 d可达2.6 mg·cm^-2（叶绿素a）	未形成大规模生物结皮	未发表
地衣结皮	腾格里沙漠	3个 0.5 m²	1年后形成4—6 cm生物结皮	长期效应未知	[36]
藓类结皮	腾格里沙漠	10个1 m×1 m	7 d内存活，3个月内死亡	接种藓类直接采自野外	[59]
	毛乌素沙地	18个1 m×1 m	75 d后盖度70%，密度9.8 株·cm^-2，4年盖度达98%	接种藓类直接采自野外	[45,57]
	杨凌	48个1 m×1 m	30 d，盖度90%，最大密度120株·cm^-2	接种藓类直接采自野外	[14]
	库布齐沙漠	8个1 m×1 m	3年后，盖度30%—70%，185株·cm^-2	接种藓类直接采自野外	[60]

结皮类型	地点	规模	结皮生长	评价	文献
藻类结皮	库布齐沙漠	约200 hm²	2—3年形成3—5 mm藻类结皮，盖度48.5%	结皮和植被得到较好恢复	[9,38,51]
	腾格里沙漠	2 m×2 m	5个月后，0.39 mm，盖度达14.3%，生物量13.4 mg·g^-1；盖度或先增后降，1年后13.8%	长期效应未知	[12,15]
	古尔班通古特沙漠	2 m×5 m	15 d可达2.6 mg·cm^-2（叶绿素a）	未形成大规模生物结皮	未发表
地衣结皮	腾格里沙漠	3个 0.5 m²	1年后形成4—6 cm生物结皮	长期效应未知	[36]
藓类结皮	腾格里沙漠	10个1 m×1 m	7 d内存活，3个月内死亡	接种藓类直接采自野外	[59]
	毛乌素沙地	18个1 m×1 m	75 d后盖度70%，密度9.8 株·cm^-2，4年盖度达98%	接种藓类直接采自野外	[45,57]
	杨凌	48个1 m×1 m	30 d，盖度90%，最大密度120株·cm^-2	接种藓类直接采自野外	[14]
	库布齐沙漠	8个1 m×1 m	3年后，盖度30%—70%，185株·cm^-2	接种藓类直接采自野外	[60]

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The theory and practices of biological soil crust rehabilitation

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