Spatial patterns and influencing factors of soil microbial carbon， nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry in Horqin Sandy Land

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00106

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 153-165.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00106

Spatial patterns and influencing factors of soil microbial carbon， nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry in Horqin Sandy Land

Bo Yao¹^,²^,³(), Jie Lian¹^,²^,³, Xiangwen Gong⁴, Xiaoming Mou¹^,²^,³, Yulin Li¹^,²^,³, Yuqiang Li¹^,²^,³, Xuyang Wang²^,³()

^1.State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands /, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Lanzhou 730000，China
^2.Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Lanzhou 730000，China
^3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049，China
^4.School of Geographical Sciences / Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station，Southwest University，Chongqing 400715，China

Received:2025-04-25 Revised:2025-07-10 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-08-18
Contact: Xuyang Wang

Abstract

Abstract:

Understanding the spatial pattern of soil and microbial carbon， nitrogen and phosphorus （C∶N∶P） stoichiometry and its drivers are important for regulating ecosystem function and responding to global climate change. In this study， we applied geostatistical methods and constructed a random forest model to quantify the drivers of the spatial distribution of soil and microbial C∶N∶P stoichiometry in the Horqin Sandy Land through a regional field survey. The results showed that low-value zones for soil microbial carbon （MBC）， nitrogen （MBN） and phosphorus （MBP） were primarily located in the central part of the Horqin Sandy Land. In contrast， high-value zones were mainly found in the northern part of the Horqin Sandy Land， specifically in the foothills of the Greater Khingan Mountains. The ratios of MBC∶MBP and MBN∶MBP gradually increased from south to north. In the Horqin Sandy Land， the MBC∶MBN ratio ranged from 0.63 to 28.29 （average： 7.3）， the MBC∶MBP ratio from 0.35 to 91.27 （average： 11.26）， and the MBN∶MBP ratio from 0.07 to 10.16 （average： 1.56）. These values were all lower than the global and Chinese stoichiometric ratios. Overall， the region exhibited limitations in C， N and P， with MBC and MBN content primarily influencing the spatial variation of soil microbial biomass C∶N∶P in the Horqin Sandy Land.

Key words: soil carbon， nitrogen and phosphorus, soil microbial biomass, ecological stoichiometry, spatial pattern, Horqin Sandy Land

CLC Number:

Q939.96

Bo Yao, Jie Lian, Xiangwen Gong, Xiaoming Mou, Yulin Li, Yuqiang Li, Xuyang Wang. Spatial patterns and influencing factors of soil microbial carbon， nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry in Horqin Sandy Land[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025, 45(4): 153-165.

Figures/Tables 9

References 58

[1]	Deng X F， Ma W Z， Ren Z Q，et al.Spatial and temporal trends of soil total nitrogen and C/N ratio for croplands of East China［J］.Geoderma，2020，361：114035.
[2]	Powlson D S， Prookes P C， Christensen B T.Measurement of soil microbial biomass provides an early indication of changes in total soil organic matter due to straw incorporation［J］.Soil Biology and Biochemistry，1987，19（2）：159-164.
[3]	Li P， Yang Y H， Han W X，et al.Global patterns of soil microbial nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry in forest ecosystems［J］.Global Ecology and Biogeography，2015，23（9）：979-987.
[4]	Sterner R W， Elser J J.Ecological Stoichiometry：the Biology of Elements from Molecules to the Biosphere［M］.Princeton， USA：Princeton University Press，2002.
[5]	Yamamuro M， Kamiya H.Elemental （C， N， P） and isotopic （delta C-13， delta N-15） signature of primary producers and their contribution to the organic matter in coastal lagoon sediment［J］.Landscape and Ecological Engineering， 2014，10 （1）：65-75.
[6]	Cleveland C C， Liptzin D. C∶N∶P stoichiometry in soil：Is there a “Redfield ratio” for the microbial biomass？［J］.Biogeochemistry，2007，85（3）：235-252.
[7]	Wang W， Sardans J， Zeng C，et al.Peñuelas，responses of soil nutrient concentrations and stoichiometry to different human land uses in a subtropical tidal wetland［J］.Geoderma，2014，232：459-470.
[8]	Liu J Q， Liu W Q， Long X E，et al. Effects of nitrogen addition on C∶N∶P stoichiometry in moss crust-soil continuum in the N-limited Gurbantünggüt Desert， Northwest China［J］.European Journal of Soil Biology，2020，98：103174.
[9]	Feng D， Bao W， Pang X.Consistent profile pattern and spatial variation of soil C/N/P stoichiometric ratios in the subalpine forests［J］.Journal of Soils and Sediments，2017，17：2054-2065.
[10]	Hu C， Li F，Xie， Y H，et al.patial distribution and stoichiometry of soil carbon， nitrogen and phosphorus along an elevation gradient in a wetland in China［J］.European Journal of Soil Science，2019，70（6）：1128-1140.
[11]	Guo X， Jiang Y.Spatial characteristics of ecological stoichiometry and their driving factors in farmland soils in Poyang Lake Plain， Southeast China［J］.Journal of Soils and Sediments，2019，9：263-274.
[12]	Hui D F， Yang X T， Deng X Q，et al.Soil C∶N∶P stoichiometry in tropical forests on Hainan Island of China：spatial and vertical variations［J］，Catena， 2021，201：105228.
[13]	Liu J G， Gou X H， Zhang F，et al.Spatial patterns in the C∶N∶P stoichiometry in Qinghai spruce and the soil across the Qilian Mountains， China［J］，Catena，2021，196：104814.
[14]	Chen S C， Arrouays D， Mulder V L，et al.Digital mapping of global soil map soil properties at a broad scale：a review［J］.Geoderma，2022，409：115567.
[15]	刘新民，赵哈林，徐斌.科尔沁沙地破坏起因及恢复途径［J］.生态学杂志，1992，11（5）：38-41.
[16]	赵学勇，张春民，左小安，等.科尔沁沙地沙漠化土地恢复面临的挑战［J］.应用生态学报，2009，20（7）：33-38.
[17]	王涛，吴薇，薛娴，等.近50年来中国北方沙漠化土地的时空变化［J］.地理学报，2004，59（2）：203-212.
[18]	李玉强，王旭洋，郑成卓，等.科尔沁沙地防沙治沙实践与生态可持续修复浅议［J］.中国沙漠，2024，44（4）：302-314.
[19]	卢建男，李玉强，赵学勇，等.半干旱区典型沙地生态环境演变特征及沙漠化防治建议［J］.中国沙漠，2024，44（4）：284-292.
[20]	颜长珍，王建华.中国1∶10万沙漠（沙地）分布数据集［DS］.国家地球系统科学数据中心.2020.CSTR：11738.11.ncdc.Westdc.2020.676.
[21]	鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析法［M］.北京：中国农业科技出版社，2000：28-264.
[22]	Vance E D， Brookes P C， Jenkinson D S.An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C［J］.Soil Biology and Biochemistry，1987，19：703-707.
[23]	Xia F， Hu B， Zhu Y，et al.Improved mapping of potentially toxic elements in soil via integration of multiple data sources and various geostatistical methods［J］.Remote Sensing，2020，12（22）：3775.
[24]	Hu B F， Xie M D， Li H Y，et al.Stoichiometry of soil carbon，nitrogen， and phosphorus in farmland soils in Suthern China：spatial pattern and related dominates［J］.Catena，2022，217：106468.
[25]	Sterner R W， Elser J J.Ecological Stoichiometry：the Biology of Elements from Molecules to the Biosphere［M］.Princeton， New Jersey，USA：Princeton University Press，2002.
[26]	李丹，范拴喜，孙旻涵，等.秦岭中段太白山以北不同海拔土壤碳·氮·磷生态化学计量特征［J］.安徽农业科学，2023，51（9）： 49-52.
[27]	Liu Y， Lv J， Zhang B，et al.Spatial multi-scale variability of soil nutrients in relation to environmental factors in a typical agricultural region， Eastern China［J］.Science of the Total Environment，2013，（450/451）：108-119.
[28]	Liu Z P， Shao M A， Wang Y Q.Spatial patterns of soil total nitrogen and soil total phosphorus across the entire Loess Plateau region of China［J］.Geoderma，2013，197/198：67-78.
[29]	Duan L， Li Z， Xie H，et al.Regional pattern of soil organic carbon density and its influence upon the plough layers of cropland［J］.Land Degradation and Development，2020，31（16）：2461-2474.
[30]	Wang X Y， Li Y Q， Gong X W，et al.Storage， pattern and driving factors of soil organic carbon in an ecologically fragile zone of Northern China［J］.Geoderma，2019，343：155-165.
[31]	Zhang H， Ouyang Z C， Jiang P H，et al.Spatial distribution patterns and influencing factors of soil carbon， phosphorus， and C∶P ratio on farmlands in Southeastern China［J］.Catena，2022，216：106409.
[32]	李玉霖，崔建垣.科尔沁沙地风沙土地温特征及其分析［J］.中国沙漠，2000，20（）：43-45.
[33]	张凤荣，周建，徐艳，等.基于地学规律的科尔沁沙地土地整治与生态修复规划方法［J］.地学前缘，2021，28（4）：35-41.
[34]	蒋德明，周全来，阿拉木萨，等.科尔沁沙地植被生产力对模拟增加降水和氮沉降的响应［J］.生态学杂志，2011，30（6）：1070-1074.
[35]	施春健.科尔沁沙质草地土壤养分空间变异研究［D］.沈阳：中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所，2007.
[36]	张洋，倪九派，周川，等.三峡库区紫色土旱坡地桑树配置模式对土壤微生物生物量碳氮的影响［J］.中国生态农业学报，2014，22（7）：766-773.
[37]	Bui E N， Henderson B L.C∶N∶P stoichiometry in Australian soils with respect to vegetation and environmental factors［J］.Plant and Soil，2013，373（1）：553-568.
[38]	曹祥会，龙怀玉，周脚根，等.中温-暖温带表土碳氮磷生态化学计量特征的空间变异性：以河北省为例［J］.生态学报，2017，37（18）：6053-6063.
[39]	王建林，钟志明，王忠红，等.青藏高原高寒草原生态系统土壤碳磷比的分布特征［J］.草业学报，2014，23（2）：9-19.
[40]	张晗，欧阳真程，赵小敏.不同利用方式对江西省农田土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量特征的影响［J］.环境科学学报，2019，39（3）：939-951.
[41]	Deng X， Chen X， Ma W，et al.Baseline map of organic carbon stock in farmland topsoil in East China［J］.Agriculture，Ecosystems & Environment，2018，54：213-223.
[42]	Ren F， Misselbrook T H， Sun N，et al.Spatial changes and driving variables of topsoil organic carbon stocks in Chinese croplands under different fertilization strategies［J］.Science of the Total Environment，2021，767：144350.
[43]	Tian H， Chen G， Zhang C，et al. Pattern and variation of C∶N∶P ratios in China's soils：a synthesis of observational data［J］.Biogeochemistry，2010，98（1/3）：139-151.
[44]	黄昌勇，徐建明.土壤学［M］.北京：中国农业出版社，2010：201-204.
[45]	王永壮，陈欣，史奕.农田土壤中磷素有效性及影响因素［J］.应用生态学报，2013，24（1）：260-268.
[46]	Urabe J， Sterner R W.Regulation of herbivore growth by the balance of light and nut rients［J］.PNAS，1996，93（16）：8465-8469.
[47]	苟富刚，蔡露明，陆徐荣.连云港耕地土壤有机碳时空分异及影响因素［J］.农业环境科学学报，2024，43（10）：2363-2374.
[48]	吴秀芝，刘秉儒，阎欣，等.荒漠草地土壤微生物生物量和微生物熵对沙漠化的响应［J］.应用生态学报，2019，30（8）：2691-2698.
[49]	吴秀芝，阎欣，王波，等.荒漠草地沙漠化对土壤养分和胞外酶活性的影响［J］.生态环境学报，2018，27（6）：1082-1088.
[50]	Van Gestel M， Merckx R， Vlassak K J.Spatial distribution of microbial biomass in microaggregates of a silty-loam soil and the relation with the resistance of microorganisms to soil drying［J］.Soil Biology and Biochemistry，1996，28（4/5）：503-10.
[51]	Wiesmeier M， Urbanski L， Hobley E，et al.Soil organic carbon storage as a key function of soils：a review of drivers and indicators at various scales［J］.Geoderma，2019，333：149-162.
[52]	王绍强，于贵瑞.生态系统碳氮磷元素的生态化学计量学特征［J］.生态学报，2008，28（8）：3937-3947.
[53]	Pan Y L， Fang F， Tang H P.Patterns and internal stability of carbon，nitrogen， and phosphorus in soils and soil microbial biomass in terrestrial ecosystems in China：a data synthesis［J］.Forests，2021，12（11）：1544.
[54]	李春越，郝亚辉，薛英龙，等.长期施肥对黄土旱塬农田土壤微生物量碳、氮、磷的影响［J］.农业环境科学学报，2020，39（8）：1783-1791.
[55]	黄浩博，毕华兴，赵丹阳，等.黄土高原不同密度刺槐林地土壤-微生物-胞外酶生态化学计量特征［J］.生态学报，2025，45（3）：1351-1361．
[56]	陶冶，吴甘霖，刘耀斌，等.古尔班通古特沙漠典型灌木群落土壤化学计量特征及其影响因素［J］.中国沙漠，2017，37（2）：305-314.
[57]	付志高，肖以华，许涵，等.南亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤微生物生物量碳氮年际动态特征及其影响因子［J］.生态学报，2024，44（3）：1092-1103.
[58]	张志山，杨贵森，吕星宇，等.荒漠生态系统C、N、P生态化学计量研究进展［J］.中国沙漠，2022，42（1）：48-56.

变量	最小值	最大值	平均值	标准误差	偏度	峰度
SOC/(g·kg^-1)	0.16	20.20	4.89	3.43	1.17	2.02
TN/(g·kg^-1)	0.04	2.21	0.46	0.38	1.34	2.23
TP/(g·kg^-1)	0.02	0.48	0.15	0.10	1.52	1.90
C∶N	1.12	94.06	14.27	13.93	3.83	16.99
C∶P	1.73	108.31	35.63	20.30	1.03	1.22
N∶P	0.78	7.79	2.91	1.29	0.92	1.12
MBC/(mg·kg^-1)	1.24	575.02	112.92	129.77	1.58	1.83
MBN/(mg·kg^-1)	0.38	88.42	16.90	19.08	1.61	2.30
MBP/(mg·kg^-1)	1.00	74.80	11.41	11.44	2.27	6.81
MBC∶MBN	0.63	21.90	7.29	4.43	0.98	0.47
MBC∶MBP	0.35	91.27	11.26	14.11	3.05	10.77
MBN∶MBP	0.07	10.16	1.56	1.47	2.69	9.80
pH	6.60	8.81	7.02	0.74	-0.06	2.10
BD/(g·cm^-3)	1.47	1.83	1.63	0.06	0.10	0.49

变量	最小值	最大值	平均值	标准误差	偏度	峰度
SOC/(g·kg^-1)	0.16	20.20	4.89	3.43	1.17	2.02
TN/(g·kg^-1)	0.04	2.21	0.46	0.38	1.34	2.23
TP/(g·kg^-1)	0.02	0.48	0.15	0.10	1.52	1.90
C∶N	1.12	94.06	14.27	13.93	3.83	16.99
C∶P	1.73	108.31	35.63	20.30	1.03	1.22
N∶P	0.78	7.79	2.91	1.29	0.92	1.12
MBC/(mg·kg^-1)	1.24	575.02	112.92	129.77	1.58	1.83
MBN/(mg·kg^-1)	0.38	88.42	16.90	19.08	1.61	2.30
MBP/(mg·kg^-1)	1.00	74.80	11.41	11.44	2.27	6.81
MBC∶MBN	0.63	21.90	7.29	4.43	0.98	0.47
MBC∶MBP	0.35	91.27	11.26	14.11	3.05	10.77
MBN∶MBP	0.07	10.16	1.56	1.47	2.69	9.80
pH	6.60	8.81	7.02	0.74	-0.06	2.10
BD/(g·cm^-3)	1.47	1.83	1.63	0.06	0.10	0.49

指标	MAE	RMSE	MSE	RMSSE
SOC	-0.060	3.002	-0.021	1.035
TN	-0.008	0.322	-0.025	1.049
TP	-0.004	0.066	-0.055	1.046
C:N	0.237	11.781	0.017	0.839
C:P	0.531	16.439	0.027	0.922
N:P	0.037	1.251	0.028	0.991

指标	MAE	RMSE	MSE	RMSSE
SOC	-0.060	3.002	-0.021	1.035
TN	-0.008	0.322	-0.025	1.049
TP	-0.004	0.066	-0.055	1.046
C:N	0.237	11.781	0.017	0.839
C:P	0.531	16.439	0.027	0.922
N:P	0.037	1.251	0.028	0.991

指标	MAE	RMSE	MSE	RMSSE
MBC	-2.468	104.329	-0.026	1.023
MBN	-0.329	15.565	-0.024	1.036
MBP	-0.189	10.148	-0.020	1.052
MBC∶MBN	-0.006	4.080	-0.003	0.943
MBC∶MBP	-0.031	11.294	-0.012	1.074
MBN∶MBP	-0.021	1.228	-0.016	1.012

Spatial patterns and influencing factors of soil microbial carbon， nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry in Horqin Sandy Land

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 9

References 58

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Ziting Wang, Jiliang Liu, Yongzhong Luo, Quanlin Ma, Xiaogan Zhou, Xin Luo, Wenzhen Zong. Long-*term effects of Haloxylon ammodendron* plantations on topsoil carbon， nitrogen， phosphorus stoichiometry and stocks in the desert-oasis ecotone** [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025, 45(5): 241-252.
[2]	Min Huang, Honglian Wan, Xiaoli Wang, Jingfeng Ni, Huiyue Liu, Wenzhe Zhang, Yiyi Cui. Characteristics of evolution of rural revitalization in counties in the Qinba Mountainous Region of Shaanxi， China [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025, 45(5): 308-317.
[3]	Jianpeng Zhang, Luming Lei, Yuqiang Li, Tianai Li, Xueyong Zhao, Haotong Ren, Hong Jia, Yangyang Wang, Lihan Cui. Sustainability assessment of human-earth systems from ecosystem service supply-demand perspectives： evidence from Horqin Sandy Land， China [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025, 45(4): 176-189.
[4]	Zhiying Ning, Yulin Li, Xueyong Zhao, Yanjun Zhang, Haibing Wang, Min Yan, Ruimin Liu, Heju Zuo. Effects litter decomposition characteristics of dominant plants on soil microbial community in Horqin Sandy Land [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025, 45(4): 190-199.
[5]	Delong Zhou, Yongfang Wang, Enliang Guo, Ying Hong, Haowen Ma, Quanfei Mu, Yanli Wang. Evolution and prediction of habitat quality in the Horqin Sandy Land [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025, 45(4): 211-226.
[6]	Huilin Zhang, Weiguo Wang, Yilan Bo, Zizhen Jin. Spatiotemporal dynamics of wind erosion prevention and sand fixation service in the Horqin Sandy Land [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025, 45(4): 227-240.
[7]	Ning Wang, Anqi Cong, Xueping Chen, Xinping Liu. The characteristics of farmland area changes and dust source control in the Horqin Sandy Land [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025, 45(4): 253-261.
[8]	Wenjie Cao, Yun Chen, Yuqiang Li, Xuyang Wang, Xiangwen Gong, Zichen Guo. Impact of long-term enclosure of severely desertified grasslands on plant communities in the Horqin Sandy Land [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025, 45(4): 262-271.
[9]	Haifu Fang, Yulin Li, Yanqing Li, Yuyin Mo, Jin Zhan, Zhijia Luo. Changes in landscape patterns and their driving factors of the typical dune alternated with meadow area in the Horqin Sandy Land [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025, 45(4): 285-294.
[10]	Haojiang Bai, Yongqing Luo, Li Cheng, Zhengjiaoyi Wang. The phenological responses of the dominant shrubs Artemisia halodendron and Caragana microphylla in the Horqin Sandy Land to climate change [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025, 45(4): 305-313.
[11]	Mi Xia, Yayong Luo, Xinyu Zhao, Hesong Wang, Binghao Chen, Canyu Shi. The impact of extreme drought on soil respiration in Caragana microphylla habitats in the Horqin Sandy Land [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025, 45(4): 334-342.
[12]	Shangbin Shi, Wenda Huang, Hailun Yu, Jing Feng, Yuanzhong Zhu. Differential gene expression response to warming of typical plants in the Horqin Sandy Land [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025, 45(4): 343-356.
[13]	Yalin Wu, Xueyong Zhao, Rui Zhang. Characteristics of soil organic carbon and nitrogen density in three plant communities of sandy grasslands [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025, 45(4): 357-367.
[14]	Shuxia Yao, Tonghui Zhang, Chuancheng Zhao. Time series analysis of soil moisture in sandy grassland of Horqin Sandy Land [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025, 45(4): 67-74.
[15]	Yongqing Luo, Haojiang Bai, Hao Jia, Gang Li, Jieping Ding, Jing Zhou, Lilong Wang, Yidi Chen, Yuqiang Li. Review and reflections on research progress of ecological restoration in Horqin Sandy Land [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025, 45(4): 75-84.