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Journal of Desert Research ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 166-175.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00164

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Characteristics of groundwater depth in NaimanInner Mongolia in 1985-2020

Xueping Chen1,2,4(), Xueyong Zhao1,2,4, Haiyan Zhuang5, Yulai Qiao5, Hongmei Yu6, Jing Zhang3   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands /, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.Naiman Desertification Research Station /, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    3.Literature and Information Center, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    4.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
    5.Water Affairs Bureau of Naiman Banner,Tongliao 028000,Inner Mongolia,China
    6.Chifeng Hydrology and Water Resources Center,Chifeng 024000,Inner Mongolia,China
  • Received:2025-04-28 Revised:2025-06-05 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-08-18

Abstract:

Naiman Banner, a crucial grain production base in the semi-arid agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China, has been facing increasingly severe water resource shortages. With continuous expansion of agricultural land, the groundwater depth in this region has shown a persistent increasing trend. Based on long-term monitoring data from 25 groundwater observation wells, this study divided the study area into three subregions: Zone I (northern farmland), Zone II (central sandy area), and Zone III (southern mountainous area), according to land use and elevation characteristics. The spatiotemporal evolution of groundwater depth from 1985 to 2020 was analyzed using the Kriging interpolation method. The results indicate that: (1) Groundwater depth exhibited an overall increasing trend, with a temporary rise during 1995-1999 due to increased precipitation. (2) Seasonal variations in groundwater depth differed among subregions due to distinct dynamic patterns. Interannually, Zone I showed the fastest annual increase (0.22 m), significantly higher than Zone II and Zone III (both 0.09 m), with Daqintala Town experiencing the most pronounced rise. (3) Land use conversion among cropland, grassland, bare land, and built-up areas was most significant, particularly cropland expansion in Zone I and urban development in Zone II, which exerted decisive impacts on groundwater depth changes. (4) Before 2000, meteorological factors dominated groundwater depth variations across all subregions, whereas after 2000, interactions between irrigation area and other driving factors intensified in Zone I, while Zone II remained primarily influenced by temperature and evaporation, and Zone III showed increasing interactions between precipitation and irrigation area. This study provides a scientific basis for understanding groundwater dynamics in Naiman Banner and offers critical insights for regional water resource management and sustainable development.

Key words: groundwater depth, Spatial-temporal distribution, land use and land cover, influencing factor, Naiman Banner

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