Effects of litter removal on top soil carbon components in the sandy grassland

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00093

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 200-210.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00093

Effects of litter removal on top soil carbon components in the sandy grassland

Wanhong Su¹(), Jin Zhan²(), Ya Li², Yongfu Ji², Yulin Li³, Anqi Cong³, Wen Zhang², Guiquan Fu², Yuejun Wang⁴

^1.Jingtai Sand Control Experimental Station，Jingtai 730499，Gansu，China
^2.Gansu Minqin National Field Observation & Research Station on Ecosystem of Desert Grassland，Gansu Desert Control Research Institute，Lanzhou 730070，China
^3.Naiman Desertification Research Station，Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Lanzhou 730000，China
^4.Tamusu Work Station of Badain Jilin Nature Reserve，Alxa Right Banner 737300，Inner Mongolia，China

Received:2025-05-11 Revised:2025-07-08 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-08-18
Contact: Jin Zhan

Abstract

Abstract:

Aboveground litter and underground roots serve as critical plant-derived inputs to the soil carbon pool. Investigating the effects of litter and root removal on surface soil carbon components in semi-arid sandy grasslands is essential for understanding soil carbon accumulation mechanisms in this ecosystem. This study utilized a long-term litter removal experiment （including control， aboveground litter removal， underground root removal， and combined removal treatments） established at the National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station in southwestern Horqin Sandy Land. We compared the impacts of aboveground litter and underground root removal on surface soil carbon components and analyzed the regulating factors of soil carbon pool activity. Key findings include：（1） Combined removal significantly increased soil bulk density （P<0.05） while reducing soil total carbon （by 23.78%） and labile organic carbon （by 23.49%，P<0.05）. Compared to aboveground litter removal alone， combined removal induced significantly greater reductions in labile organic carbon （P<0.05）；（2） Aboveground litter removal decreased microbial biomass carbon from 0.032 g·kg^-1 to 0.016 g·kg^-1（P<0.05）， representing a 50% reduction；（3） Underground root removal reduced soil carbon pool activity from 0.46 to 0.30 （P<0.05）；（4） Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant associations between soil carbon components and soil bulk density， water content， electrical conductivity， and pH. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that soil properties and carbon components jointly explained 92% of the variation in carbon pool activity. Physicochemical parameters indirectly regulated activity through their mediation of carbon components. Specifically， soil bulk density regulated carbon pool activity by significantly and negatively affecting total carbon （λ=-0.64） and labile organic carbon （λ=-0.37）. Electrical conductivity affected carbon pool activity by significantly and positively influencing labile organic carbon （λ=0.37）. Soil pH regulated carbon pool activity by significantly and negatively affecting recalcitrant organic carbon （λ=-0.40）.

Key words: soil carbon components, aboveground litter removal, underground root removal, sandy grassland

CLC Number:

S151.9

Wanhong Su, Jin Zhan, Ya Li, Yongfu Ji, Yulin Li, Anqi Cong, Wen Zhang, Guiquan Fu, Yuejun Wang. Effects of litter removal on top soil carbon components in the sandy grassland[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025, 45(4): 200-210.

Figures/Tables 8

References 65

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处理	描述
对照（CK）	在自然状态下不做任何处理
地上凋落物去除（-L）	每年11月清除样方内地上现存的枯落物
地下根系去除（-R）	采用壕沟法，在每块样地内布置边长为1.5 m×1.5 m的小样方，在不干扰其他土壤的基础上，在每个小样方四周挖60 cm深的壕沟，小样方内原有根系保留，在沟内内衬铝制铁皮阻隔小样方外根系入侵，并回填土壤。整个试验期间不定期拔除小样方内地表生长的植物，以消除地下根系输入的干扰
地上凋落物和地下根系同时去除（-L-R）	清除掉样方内地上现存的枯落物，同时采用壕沟法，在1.5 m×1.5 m小样方四周挖60 cm深的壕沟，小样方内原有根系保留，在沟内内衬铝制铁皮阻隔小样方外根系入侵，并回填土壤。整个试验期间不定期拔除小样方内地表生长的植物，以消除地下根系输入的干扰

处理	描述
对照（CK）	在自然状态下不做任何处理
地上凋落物去除（-L）	每年11月清除样方内地上现存的枯落物
地下根系去除（-R）	采用壕沟法，在每块样地内布置边长为1.5 m×1.5 m的小样方，在不干扰其他土壤的基础上，在每个小样方四周挖60 cm深的壕沟，小样方内原有根系保留，在沟内内衬铝制铁皮阻隔小样方外根系入侵，并回填土壤。整个试验期间不定期拔除小样方内地表生长的植物，以消除地下根系输入的干扰
地上凋落物和地下根系同时去除（-L-R）	清除掉样方内地上现存的枯落物，同时采用壕沟法，在1.5 m×1.5 m小样方四周挖60 cm深的壕沟，小样方内原有根系保留，在沟内内衬铝制铁皮阻隔小样方外根系入侵，并回填土壤。整个试验期间不定期拔除小样方内地表生长的植物，以消除地下根系输入的干扰

指标	SWC	BD	pH	EC	TC	TOC	DOC	LOC	IOC	ROC	MBC	A
SWC	1
BD	-0.307	1
pH	0.027	-0.020	1
EC	0.207	-0.281	0.376	1
TC	0.161	-0.643^**	0.140	0.363	1
TOC	0.363	-0.638^**	0.037	0.276	0.897^**	1
DOC	-0.517^*	0.222	0.153	-0.012	-0.021	-0.308	1
LOC	0.185	-0.663^**	0.294	0.564^**	0.694^**	0.651^**	-0.034	1
IOC	0.170	-0.532^**	0.008	0.142	0.879^**	0.823^**	-0.236	0.342	1
ROC	0.163	-0.113	-0.469^*	-0.075	0.106	0.280	-0.504^*	-0.027	0.273	1
SMBC	0.217	0.141	0.178	0.085	0.164	0.149	0.238	-0.032	0.163	-0.051	1
A	-0.075	-0.316	0.540^**	0.347	0.210	0.042	0.394	0.578^**	-0.122	-0.774^**	0.074	1

指标	SWC	BD	pH	EC	TC	TOC	DOC	LOC	IOC	ROC	MBC	A
SWC	1
BD	-0.307	1
pH	0.027	-0.020	1
EC	0.207	-0.281	0.376	1
TC	0.161	-0.643^**	0.140	0.363	1
TOC	0.363	-0.638^**	0.037	0.276	0.897^**	1
DOC	-0.517^*	0.222	0.153	-0.012	-0.021	-0.308	1
LOC	0.185	-0.663^**	0.294	0.564^**	0.694^**	0.651^**	-0.034	1
IOC	0.170	-0.532^**	0.008	0.142	0.879^**	0.823^**	-0.236	0.342	1
ROC	0.163	-0.113	-0.469^*	-0.075	0.106	0.280	-0.504^*	-0.027	0.273	1
SMBC	0.217	0.141	0.178	0.085	0.164	0.149	0.238	-0.032	0.163	-0.051	1
A	-0.075	-0.316	0.540^**	0.347	0.210	0.042	0.394	0.578^**	-0.122	-0.774^**	0.074	1

Effects of litter removal on top soil carbon components in the sandy grassland

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