流动沙地灌丛内外生境中土壤动物群落结构研究

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00024

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以中国科学院奈曼沙漠化研究站为依托，调查了小叶锦鸡儿灌丛内外生境中土壤动物群落特征及土壤理化特性，分析了灌丛内外生境中土壤动物群落结构的差异性，并探讨了土壤动物对灌丛覆盖流沙地表产生小生境的响应特征。结果发现，共捕获土壤动物30科，优势类群有大赤螨科、等节跳科和虱啮科，常见类群有球角跳科，中型土壤动物占绝对优势。土壤动物密度、类群数和多样性指数灌丛内显著高于灌丛外（p<0.05）；土壤动物群落均匀度和优势度变化趋势相反，但灌丛内外无显著差异性（p>0.05）。调查季节（夏季）灌丛内外小生境的土壤温度、酸碱度及有机碳含量差异是主要影响因素。流动沙地灌丛下生境中土壤动物分布表现出了明显的聚集现象，土壤动物多样性显著增加,表明小叶锦鸡儿灌丛覆盖流动沙地后能够显著改变土壤动物生存的微生境，从而导致土壤动物群落结构发生了深刻变化。而且，由于对灌丛内外微生境的选择性和适应性差异，动物类群产生了不同的响应模式。

关键词: 灌丛, 土壤动物, 群落结构, 响应模式

Abstract:

Taking the Naiman Desertification Research Station under Chinese Academy of Sciences as study area, we conducted an investigation on the soil fauna community structure and soil properties of the sites under or outside of the Caragana microphylla canopy in Horqin Sandy Land. The fauna community structure was analyzed and the responses of soil fauna groups to different habitats were identified. There were 30 families of soil fauna captured in total and the mesofauna dominated the soil fauna community. The numbers of individuals and groups of the soil fauna under the canopy were both significantly bigger than that in the open sandy space. The Shannon diversity index of soil fauna community under the canopy was significantly higher than that in the open sandy space, but the Pielou evenness index and Simpson dominance index of soil fauna community had reversed trends with no significance. The soil fauna community diversity increased from the open sandy space to the area under the cannopy. It suggested that the C. microphylla shrub changed the microhabitat and remarkably facilitated the change of the soil fauna community structure in the shifting sandy land. Differences in soil temperature, alkalinity and organic carbon content might lead to the difference of the soil fauna community structure between the sites under or outside the C. microphylla cannopy in summer. There showed four soil fauna responses models in accodance to the different selection and adaptation patterns of the soil fauna to the different habitats.

Key words: shrub, soil fauna, community structure, response model

中图分类号:

S154.5

刘任涛1,2，赵哈林2, 赵学勇2. 流动沙地灌丛内外生境中土壤动物群落结构研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2013, 33(1): 167-173.

LIU Ren-tao1,2, ZHAO Ha-lin2, ZHAO Xue-yong2. Community Structure of the Soil Fauna under or outside the Caragana microphylla Canopy in Shifting Sandy Land[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2013, 33(1): 167-173.

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